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Stages of Change in Dairy Intake among Older Adults: Application of the Transtheoretical Model

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  • Cheng-Fen Chang

    (Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
    Department of Nursing, Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, Keelung 203301, Taiwan)

  • Jiun-Yi Wang

    (Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
    Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404332, Taiwan)

  • Tien-Ho Kuo

    (Department of Leisure Management, Tungnan University, New Taipei City 222304, Taiwan)

  • Ying-Lien Lin

    (Department of Industrial and Information Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan)

  • Shang-Yu Yang

    (Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan)

Abstract

Adequate dairy product intake can reduce the risk of chronic disease, mortality, low quality of life, and healthcare expenditure. However, the insufficient consumption of dairy products is a serious issue in Eastern societies. To the authors’ knowledge, few studies have explored dairy intake among Taiwanese older adults, especially using the transtheoretical model. The study aims were to address the following unknowns: (i) the distribution of dairy product intake behavior on stages of change (SOC); (ii) differences in variables (intake knowledge (IK), intake cons (IC), intake pros (IP), and intake self-efficacy (ISE)) among SOCs; (iii) discriminative abilities of variables on SOCs; and (iv) predictive ability of variables (IK, IC, IP, and ISE) for dairy product intake behavior on SOC for older adults. An explorative cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from northern Taiwan using a questionnaire. A total of 342 older adults were recruited. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance, discriminant analysis, and multiple linear regression. There was a significant difference between the variables and SOCs. There was a better discriminant among the five SOCs. Dairy product intake behaviors were significantly associated with knowledge and self-efficacy in the pre-action stage, and with cons, pros, and self-efficacy in the post-action stage. In conclusion, appropriate nutritional empowerment could benefit older adults by improving dairy intake among the different SOCs.

Suggested Citation

  • Cheng-Fen Chang & Jiun-Yi Wang & Tien-Ho Kuo & Ying-Lien Lin & Shang-Yu Yang, 2022. "Stages of Change in Dairy Intake among Older Adults: Application of the Transtheoretical Model," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-12, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1146-:d:729339
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ajzen, Icek, 1991. "The theory of planned behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 179-211, December.
    2. Pei-Ti Hsu & Jeu-Jung Chen & Ya-Fang Ho, 2021. "The Effects of Empowerment Education on Daily Dairy Intake in Community-Dwelling of Older Asian Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-12, April.
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