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Risk Factors for Pressure Injuries in Adult Patients: A Narrative Synthesis

Author

Listed:
  • Man-Long Chung

    (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany)

  • Manuel Widdel

    (Institute of Product Development and Engineering De sign, Technische Hochschule Köln, 50679 Cologne, Germany)

  • Julian Kirchhoff

    (Institute of Product Development and Engineering De sign, Technische Hochschule Köln, 50679 Cologne, Germany)

  • Julia Sellin

    (Department of Digitalization and General Practice, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany)

  • Mohieddine Jelali

    (Institute of Product Development and Engineering De sign, Technische Hochschule Köln, 50679 Cologne, Germany)

  • Franziska Geiser

    (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany)

  • Martin Mücke

    (Department of Digitalization and General Practice, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
    Shared senior authorship.)

  • Rupert Conrad

    (Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
    Shared senior authorship.)

Abstract

Pressure injuries remain a serious health complication for patients and nursing staff. Evidence from the past decade has not been analysed through narrative synthesis yet. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Complete, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and other reviews/sources were screened. Risk of bias was evaluated using a slightly modified QUIPS tool. Risk factor domains were used to assign (non)statistically independent risk factors. Hence, 67 studies with 679,660 patients were included. In low to moderate risk of bias studies, non-blanchable erythema reliably predicted pressure injury stage 2. Factors influencing mechanical boundary conditions, e.g., higher interface pressure or BMI < 18.5, as well as factors affecting interindividual susceptibility (male sex, older age, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, diabetes, hypotension, low physical activity, existing pressure injuries) and treatment-related aspects, such as length of stay in intensive care units, were identified as possible risk factors for pressure injury development. Health care professionals’ evidence-based knowledge of above-mentioned risk factors is vital to ensure optimal prevention and/or treatment. Openly accessible risk factors, e.g., sex, age, BMI, pre-existing diabetes, and non-blanchable erythema, can serve as yellow flags for pressure injury development. Close communication concerning further risk factors, e.g., anemia, hypoalbuminemia, or low physical activity, may optimize prevention and/or treatment. Further high-quality evidence is warranted.

Suggested Citation

  • Man-Long Chung & Manuel Widdel & Julian Kirchhoff & Julia Sellin & Mohieddine Jelali & Franziska Geiser & Martin Mücke & Rupert Conrad, 2022. "Risk Factors for Pressure Injuries in Adult Patients: A Narrative Synthesis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:2:p:761-:d:721852
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ling Gao & Lina Yang & Xiaoqin Li & Jin Chen & Juan Du & Xiaoxia Bai & Xianjun Yang, 2018. "The use of a logistic regression model to develop a risk assessment of intraoperatively acquired pressure ulcer," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(15-16), pages 2984-2992, August.
    2. Seol‐Heui Han & Yoon‐Sook Kim & Jeonghae Hwang & Jongmin Lee & Mi Ryeong Song, 2018. "Predictors of hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers among older adult inpatients," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(19-20), pages 3780-3786, October.
    3. Christina Lannering & Marie Ernsth Bravell & Patrik Midlöv & Carl‐Johan Östgren & Sigvard Mölstad, 2016. "Factors related to falls, weight‐loss and pressure ulcers – more insight in risk assessment among nursing home residents," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 25(7-8), pages 940-950, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Akihiko Murayama & Daisuke Higuchi & Kosuke Saida & Shigeya Tanaka & Tomoyuki Shinohara, 2024. "Fall Risk Prediction for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Analysis of Assessment Scale and Evaluation Items without Actual Measurement," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(2), pages 1-11, February.

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