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The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Parenting of Infants: A Couples Study

Author

Listed:
  • Paulina Anikiej-Wiczenbach

    (Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Maria Kaźmierczak

    (Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, Poland)

Abstract

(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to many negative changes in everyday functioning. This study aimed to establish how it impacts parental responsiveness towards their children; (2) Methods: 132 couples (N = 264) who were parents of young children (from 3 to 24 months; M = 12.61; SD = 6.71) participated in this study. The Parental Responsiveness Scale was used to measure parental responsiveness toward their own child and the Polish adaptation of the My Emotions Scale was used to measure emotional reactions to the child’s cry. We collected data about perceived stress, fear of being affected by COVID-19, and emotional overload caused by the pandemic. An analysis using actor–partner interdependence models was carried out; (3) Results: there were actor effects for both parental responsiveness and reactions to the child’s cry (for all measured aspects (frustration, amusement, anxiety, empathy, sympathy)). For women, parental responsiveness was a negative partner effect of stress, and for men, there was a positive effect of fear of being infected, emotional overload, and stress; (4) Conclusions: these results show how important it is to take care of families and investigate the effects of the pandemic on their functioning.

Suggested Citation

  • Paulina Anikiej-Wiczenbach & Maria Kaźmierczak, 2022. "The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Parenting of Infants: A Couples Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:24:p:16883-:d:1004898
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Weina Li & Fenge Tan & Zongkui Zhou & Yukang Xue & Chuanhua Gu & Xizheng Xu, 2022. "Parents’ Response to Children’s Performance and Children’s Self-Esteem: Parent–Child Relationship and Friendship Quality as Mediators," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-15, May.
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