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Human Monkeypox—A Global Public Health Emergency

Author

Listed:
  • Enrico Maria Zardi

    (Internistic Ultrasound Service, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy)

  • Camilla Chello

    (PhD Course, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

Monkeypox, a viral zoonosis caused by an Orthopoxvirus, is clinically characterized by fever, headache, lymphadenopathy, myalgia, rash and burdened by some complications that can be severe and life threatening. Monkeypox, endemic in some central and west African countries, in tropical areas near equator, rose to the headlines following its recent outbreak in non-endemic countries of Europe and the USA. Thus, the World Health Organization, worried about the growing dimension of the problem, declared monkeypox a global public health emergency. Now, after months of careful observation, the western scientific research is drawing conclusion that African endemic countries represent a reserve pool able to feed, through travelers and sexual networks, the outbreak in non-endemic countries in which high-risk communities such as gay and bisexual men are the most affected. Prevention through vaccination and early diagnosis are the core to breaking the chain of diffusion of this epidemic. Particular attention should be paid to avoid the spread from endemic countries, also implementing the economic investments in their public health system. Information campaigns and assistance to high-risk classes in non-endemic countries are important priorities, however, assuming that specific treatments for this disease are still tentative.

Suggested Citation

  • Enrico Maria Zardi & Camilla Chello, 2022. "Human Monkeypox—A Global Public Health Emergency," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(24), pages 1-15, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:24:p:16781-:d:1002951
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rebecca S Levine & ATownsend Peterson & Krista L Yorita & Darin Carroll & Inger K Damon & Mary G Reynolds, 2007. "Ecological Niche and Geographic Distribution of Human Monkeypox in Africa," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 2(1), pages 1-7, January.
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