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The COVID-19 Pandemic and Responses in Nursing Homes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Four European Countries

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  • Fabrice Mbalayen

    (UFR Simone Veil–Santé, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
    Département Hospitalier d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Université Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 92380 Garches, France)

  • Valentine Dutheillet-de-Lamothe

    (Gérontopôle Autonomie et Longévité des Pays de la Loire, 44000 Nantes, France)

  • Aude Letty

    (Fondation Korian pour le Bien-Vieillir, 75000 Paris, France)

  • Solenn Le Bruchec

    (Gérontopôle Autonomie et Longévité des Pays de la Loire, 44000 Nantes, France)

  • Manon Pondjikli

    (Gérontopôle Autonomie et Longévité des Pays de la Loire, 44000 Nantes, France)

  • Gilles Berrut

    (Gérontopôle Autonomie et Longévité des Pays de la Loire, 44000 Nantes, France
    Fondation Korian pour le Bien-Vieillir, 75000 Paris, France
    Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire de Gérontologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France)

  • Lamia Benatia

    (Fondation Korian pour le Bien-Vieillir, 75000 Paris, France)

  • Biné Mariam Ndiongue

    (Fondation Korian pour le Bien-Vieillir, 75000 Paris, France)

  • Marie-Anne Fourrier

    (Fondation Korian pour le Bien-Vieillir, 75000 Paris, France)

  • Didier Armaingaud

    (Fondation Korian pour le Bien-Vieillir, 75000 Paris, France
    Direction Médical Éthique et Qualité, Groupe Korian, 75000 Paris, France)

  • Loic Josseran

    (UFR Simone Veil–Santé, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
    Département Hospitalier d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Université Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 92380 Garches, France
    Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations, UMR 1018, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, 75180 Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France)

  • Elisabeth Delarocque-Astagneau

    (UFR Simone Veil–Santé, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
    Département Hospitalier d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Université Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 92380 Garches, France
    Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations, UMR 1018, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, 75180 Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France)

  • Sylvain Gautier

    (UFR Simone Veil–Santé, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
    Département Hospitalier d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Université Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 92380 Garches, France
    Centre de Recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations, UMR 1018, Université de Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, 75180 Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France)

Abstract

Background: Studies comparing how the European nursing homes (NHs) handled the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic remain scarce. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the first wave in a private NHs network in Belgium, France, Germany and Italy. Mortality rates were estimated, and prevention and control measures were described by country. Data from the Oxford governmental response tracker project were used to elaborate a “modified stringency index” measuring the magnitude of the COVID-19 global response. Results: Of the 580 NHs surveyed, 383 responded to the online questionnaire. The COVID-19 mortality rate was similar in France (3.9 deaths per 100 residents) and Belgium (4.5). It was almost four times higher in Italy (11.9) and particularly low in Germany (0.3). Prevention and control measures were diversely implemented: residents’ sectorization was mainly carried out in France and Italy (~90% versus ~30% in Germany and Belgium). The “modified stringency index” followed roughly the same pattern in each country. Conclusion: This study, conducted in a European network of NHs, showed differences in mortality rate which could be explained by the characteristics of the residents, the magnitude of the first wave and the prevention and control measures implemented. These results may inform future European preparedness plans.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabrice Mbalayen & Valentine Dutheillet-de-Lamothe & Aude Letty & Solenn Le Bruchec & Manon Pondjikli & Gilles Berrut & Lamia Benatia & Biné Mariam Ndiongue & Marie-Anne Fourrier & Didier Armaingaud &, 2022. "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Responses in Nursing Homes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Four European Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-8, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:22:p:15290-:d:977710
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Thomas Hale & Noam Angrist & Rafael Goldszmidt & Beatriz Kira & Anna Petherick & Toby Phillips & Samuel Webster & Emily Cameron-Blake & Laura Hallas & Saptarshi Majumdar & Helen Tatlow, 2021. "A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker)," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 5(4), pages 529-538, April.
    2. Mitze, Timo & Kosfeld, Reinhold & Rode, Johannes & Wälde, Klaus, 2020. "Face masks considerably reduce COVID-19 cases in Germany," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 124587, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    3. Lucia Cazzoletti & Maria Elisabetta Zanolin & Ilaria Tocco Tussardi & Mulubirhan Assefa Alemayohu & Ernesto Zanetel & Donatella Visentin & Luca Fabbri & Massimo Giordani & Giancarlo Ruscitti & Pier Pa, 2021. "Risk Factors Associated with Nursing Home COVID-19 Outbreaks: A Retrospective Cohort Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-17, August.
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