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Socioeconomic Determinants of Willingness to Pay for Emergency Public Dental Services in Saudi Arabia: A Contingent Valuation Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Halah Saleh Hawsawi

    (Quality and Patient Safety Department, Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Mecca 24241, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mustapha Immurana

    (Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Private Mail Bag 31, Ho, Ghana)

  • Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi

    (Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
    Health Economics Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Dental diseases remain major health problems worldwide, leading to pain, discomfort, and even death. In Saudi Arabia, public dental care services (i.e., services provided by government-owned health facilities) are provided free of charge for all Saudi citizens. However, public dental care facilities are overburdened and overcrowded, resulting in long waiting times to access dental care services. The consequent limited access to dental services can prolong discomfort and delay pain management, thereby exacerbating the suffering of patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the socioeconomic determinants of the willingness to pay for immediate public dental care in the face of a dental emergency in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional design was employed to obtain data from adult citizens of Saudi Arabia who were residents of the Holy City of Makkah. A pre-tested online questionnaire was used to obtain the responses from 549 individuals, selected through a snowball sampling technique, from 15 July to 10 August 2021. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages), Pearson’s chi-square test, and binary probit regression were used as estimation techniques. The findings showed that 79.4% of the respondents were willing to pay for immediate public dental services, with the majority (86%) expressing a willingness to pay less than 500 Saudi Riyal (SAR). The binary probit regression estimates showed that respondents who were unemployed, those with a high school level of education or below, and those without private health insurance were less likely to be willing to pay for immediate public dental services. Thus, policies and initiatives aimed at enhancing the willingness to pay for immediate public dental services should target the unemployed, those with a high school level of education or below, and people without private health insurance.

Suggested Citation

  • Halah Saleh Hawsawi & Mustapha Immurana & Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi, 2022. "Socioeconomic Determinants of Willingness to Pay for Emergency Public Dental Services in Saudi Arabia: A Contingent Valuation Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-12, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:22:p:15205-:d:976148
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi & Kirit Vaidya & Omar Alsharqi & Obinna Onwujekwe, 2018. "Investigating the Willingness to Pay for a Contributory National Health Insurance Scheme in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Stated Preference Approach," Applied Health Economics and Health Policy, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 259-271, April.
    2. Al-Hanawi, Mohammed K. & Alsharqi, Omar & Vaidya, Kirit, 2020. "Willingness to pay for improved public health care services in Saudi Arabia: a contingent valuation study among heads of Saudi households," Health Economics, Policy and Law, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(1), pages 72-93, January.
    3. Bente Halvorsen & Tiril Willumsen, 2004. "Willingness to pay for dental fear treatment," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 5(4), pages 299-308, November.
    4. Richard Williams, 2012. "Using the margins command to estimate and interpret adjusted predictions and marginal effects," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 12(2), pages 308-331, June.
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