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Incident and Recurrent Depression among Adults Aged 50 Years and Older during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

Author

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  • Andie MacNeil

    (Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada
    Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada)

  • Sapriya Birk

    (Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada)

  • Paul J. Villeneuve

    (Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
    CHAIM Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada)

  • Ying Jiang

    (Applied Research Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada)

  • Margaret de Groh

    (Applied Research Division, Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada)

  • Esme Fuller-Thomson

    (Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada
    Institute for Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic and accompanying public health measures have exacerbated many risk factors for depression in older adulthood. The objectives of the current study are: (1) to determine the risk of incident and recurrent depression during the COVID-19 pandemic among those with, or without, a history of depression; and (2) to identify factors that were predictive of depression in these two groups. The study population included 22,622 participants of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging who provided data at baseline (2011–2015), follow-up (2015–2018), and twice during the pandemic (April–May 2020, September–December 2020). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) was used to classify individuals with depression. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of depression during COVID across a series of risk factors. Individuals with a history of depression had four times the risk of depression during the pandemic when compared to those without a history of depression, even after controlling for relevant covariates. Other factors associated with depression during the pandemic include being female, having fewer savings, and experiencing COVID-19 related stressors, such as health stressors, difficulties accessing resources, and family conflict. Clinicians working with older adults should consider interventions to support high-risk groups, such as those with recurrent depression.

Suggested Citation

  • Andie MacNeil & Sapriya Birk & Paul J. Villeneuve & Ying Jiang & Margaret de Groh & Esme Fuller-Thomson, 2022. "Incident and Recurrent Depression among Adults Aged 50 Years and Older during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:22:p:15032-:d:973303
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Debanjan Banerjee & Mayank Rai, 2020. "Social isolation in Covid-19: The impact of loneliness," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 66(6), pages 525-527, September.
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