IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i21p14013-d955549.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Vaccine in Spain

Author

Listed:
  • Marcelino Pérez-Bermejo

    (OAMI-UCV (Research Methodology Support Office), Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
    SONEV Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia, C/Quevedo nº 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain)

  • Alexis Cloquell-Lozano

    (OAMI-UCV (Research Methodology Support Office), Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain)

  • Carmen Moret-Tatay

    (OAMI-UCV (Research Methodology Support Office), Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain)

  • Francisco Javier Arteaga-Moreno

    (OAMI-UCV (Research Methodology Support Office), Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain)

Abstract

Different analyses show that the design of vaccination policies should especially protect the most vulnerable social groups, since the level of acceptance is determined by the population’s knowledge, attitude and concerns about the safety and efficacy of vaccines. The objective of this work will be to detect the most socially vulnerable groups with respect to COVID-19 and to analyze the factors that influence predisposition to vaccination. This is a cross-sectional study using data from the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS) on the Effects and Consequences of Coronavirus (Study 3346 of December 2021). Sociodemographic variables (sex, age, employment status, studies and subjective class identification) were extracted, as well as the answers to the questions indicating the attitude towards vaccination, corresponding to questions 7,8,10 and 11 of the study. The most vulnerable group was lower class women (self-perceived), under 45 years of age with lower educational level, unemployed or performing unpaid work in the home. Most of them are not predisposed to vaccinate only because of the obligation to do so, mainly due to lack of belief in the power and efficacy of vaccines, as well as fear of health risks/collateral side effects. The lower vaccine uptake in this vulnerable population group may be due to a lack of awareness and lower trust in the authorities, as well as the benefits of the vaccine, which could be related to a lack of policy targeting the most socially vulnerable populations.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcelino Pérez-Bermejo & Alexis Cloquell-Lozano & Carmen Moret-Tatay & Francisco Javier Arteaga-Moreno, 2022. "Social Vulnerability and COVID-19 Vaccine in Spain," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(21), pages 1-7, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:21:p:14013-:d:955549
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/21/14013/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/21/14013/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Darie Cristea & Irina Zamfirache & Raisa-Gabriela Zamfirescu, 2022. "Vaccination against COVID-19 in Europe: A Typology Based on Cluster Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-8, July.
    2. Andrea Galeotti & Brian W. Rogers, 2013. "Strategic Immunization and Group Structure," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 5(2), pages 1-32, May.
    3. Kelly Bergstrand & Brian Mayer & Babette Brumback & Yi Zhang, 2015. "Assessing the Relationship Between Social Vulnerability and Community Resilience to Hazards," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 122(2), pages 391-409, June.
    4. Gidengil, C.A. & Parker, A.M. & Zikmund-Fisher, B.J., 2012. "Trends in risk perceptions and vaccination intentions: A longitudinal study of the first year of the H1N1 pandemic," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 102(4), pages 672-679.
    5. Susan L. Cutter & Bryan J. Boruff & W. Lynn Shirley, 2003. "Social Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 84(2), pages 242-261, June.
    6. Cucciniello, Maria & Pin, Paolo & Imre, Blanka & Porumbescu, Gregory A. & Melegaro, Alessia, 2022. "Altruism and vaccination intentions: Evidence from behavioral experiments," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    7. Böhm, Robert & Betsch, Cornelia & Korn, Lars, 2016. "Selfish-rational non-vaccination: Experimental evidence from an interactive vaccination game," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 131(PB), pages 183-195.
    8. Yi Ge & Wen Dou & Haibo Zhang, 2017. "A New Framework for Understanding Urban Social Vulnerability from a Network Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-16, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yi Ge & Guangfei Yang & Yi Chen & Wen Dou, 2019. "Examining Social Vulnerability and Inequality: A Joint Analysis through a Connectivity Lens in the Urban Agglomerations of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-19, February.
    2. M. Rezaul Islam, 2018. "Climate Change, Natural Disasters and Socioeconomic Livelihood Vulnerabilities: Migration Decision Among the Char Land People in Bangladesh," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 136(2), pages 575-593, April.
    3. Loredana Antronico & Maria Teresa Carone & Roberto Coscarelli, 2023. "An approach to measure resilience of communities to climate change: a case study in Calabria (Southern Italy)," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 28(4), pages 1-28, April.
    4. Sarah L. Jackson & Sahar Derakhshan & Leah Blackwood & Logan Lee & Qian Huang & Margot Habets & Susan L. Cutter, 2021. "Spatial Disparities of COVID-19 Cases and Fatalities in United States Counties," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(16), pages 1-21, August.
    5. Yi Ge & Wen Dou & Jianping Dai, 2017. "A New Approach to Identify Social Vulnerability to Climate Change in the Yangtze River Delta," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-19, December.
    6. Graeber, Daniel & Schmidt-Petri, Christoph & Schröder, Carsten, 2021. "Attitudes on voluntary and mandatory vaccination against COVID-19: Evidence from Germany," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 16(5), pages 1-18.
    7. Henrike Sternberg & Janina Isabel Steinert & Tim Büthe, 2023. "Compliance in the Public versus the Private Realm: Economic Preferences, Institutional Trust and COVID-19 Health Behaviors," Munich Papers in Political Economy 28, Munich School of Politics and Public Policy and the School of Management at the Technical University of Munich.
    8. Karim, Azreen, 2018. "The Household Response to Persistent Natural Disasters: Evidence from Bangladesh," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 40-59.
    9. Paula Freire & Alexandre O. Tavares & Luís Sá & Anabela Oliveira & André B. Fortunato & Pedro P. Santos & Ana Rilo & João L. Gomes & João Rogeiro & Rui Pablo & Pedro J. Pinto, 2016. "A local-scale approach to estuarine flood risk management," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 84(3), pages 1705-1739, December.
    10. Wenmin Qin & Aiwen Lin & Jian Fang & Lunche Wang & Man Li, 2017. "Spatial and temporal evolution of community resilience to natural hazards in the coastal areas of China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 89(1), pages 331-349, October.
    11. Ha'apio, Michael Otoara & Gonzalez, Ricardo & Wairiu, Morgan, 2019. "Is there any chance for the poor to cope with extreme environmental events? Two case studies in the Solomon Islands," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 514-524.
    12. Mariane Paulina Batalha Roque & José Ambrósio Ferreira Neto & Wilson Cruz Vieira & Bianca Diniz Rocha & Arthur Telles Calegario, 2023. "Social vulnerability to environmental disasters in the Paraopeba River Basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 118(2), pages 1191-1210, September.
    13. Shaikh Mohammad Kais & Md Saidul Islam, 2016. "Community Capitals as Community Resilience to Climate Change: Conceptual Connections," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-16, December.
    14. Chich-Ping Hu, 2022. "Urban Land-Use Allocation with Resilience: Application of the Lowry Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-15, November.
    15. Peng Chen & Wei Zhai & Xiankui Yang, 2023. "Enhancing resilience and mobility services for vulnerable groups facing extreme weather: lessons learned from Snowstorm Uri in Harris County, Texas," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 118(2), pages 1573-1594, September.
    16. Roquia Salam & Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam & Badhon Kumar Shill & G. M. Monirul Alam & Md. Hasanuzzaman & Md. Morshadul Hasan & Sobhy M. Ibrahim & Roger C. Shouse, 2021. "Nexus between vulnerability and adaptive capacity of drought-prone rural households in northern Bangladesh," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 106(1), pages 509-527, March.
    17. Firas Gerges & Hani Nassif & Xiaolong Geng & Holly A. Michael & Michel C. Boufadel, 2022. "GIS-based approach for evaluating a community intrinsic resilience index," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 111(2), pages 1271-1299, March.
    18. Ming Zhang & Wenbo Xiang & Meilan Chen & Zisen Mao, 2018. "Measuring Social Vulnerability to Flood Disasters in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-14, July.
    19. Yi Peng, 2015. "Regional earthquake vulnerability assessment using a combination of MCDM methods," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 234(1), pages 95-110, November.
    20. Meryl Jagarnath & Tirusha Thambiran & Michael Gebreslasie, 2020. "Heat stress risk and vulnerability under climate change in Durban metropolitan, South Africa—identifying urban planning priorities for adaptation," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 163(2), pages 807-829, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:21:p:14013-:d:955549. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.