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Cyberharassment Victimization on Three Continents: An Integrative Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Marko Mikkola

    (Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland)

  • Noora Ellonen

    (Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland)

  • Markus Kaakinen

    (Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland)

  • Iina Savolainen

    (Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland)

  • Anu Sirola

    (Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland)

  • Izabela Zych

    (Department of Psychology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain)

  • Hye-Jin Paek

    (Department of Advertising & Public Relations, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea)

  • Atte Oksanen

    (Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland)

Abstract

This article introduces and applies an integrative model of cyberharassment victimization. The model combines routine activity theory (RAT), the general theory of crime (GTC), and the personal resources approach to analyze risk factors for victimization while acknowledging the protective role of a sense of mastery. Survey respondents were aged 15 to 25 years ( N = 4816) from the U.S., Finland, Spain, and South Korea. Logistic regression models were used to analyze cyberharassment victimization. RAT-related factors were positively associated with cyberharassment victimization. Low self-control was positively associated with cyberharassment victimization in the U.S., Finland, and Spain but not in South Korea. The sense of mastery was negatively associated with cyberharassment victimization in the U.S., Finland, and South Korea but not in Spain. Protective factors against cyberharassment victimization should be utilized in future studies as adequate knowledge of protective factors could assist policymakers in generating preventative measures against cyberharassment. Our study demonstrates the benefits of integrating criminological theories and protective factors in studies using cross-national data to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of cyberharassment.

Suggested Citation

  • Marko Mikkola & Noora Ellonen & Markus Kaakinen & Iina Savolainen & Anu Sirola & Izabela Zych & Hye-Jin Paek & Atte Oksanen, 2022. "Cyberharassment Victimization on Three Continents: An Integrative Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(19), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:19:p:12138-:d:924752
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bossler, Adam M. & Holt, Thomas J., 2010. "The effect of self-control on victimization in the cyberworld," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 227-236, May.
    2. Moon, Byongook & McCluskey, John D. & McCluskey, Cynthia Perez, 2010. "A general theory of crime and computer crime: An empirical test," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 767-772, July.
    3. Seong-Sik Lee & Hyojong Song & Jeong Hyun Park, 2021. "Exploring Risk and Protective Factors for Cyberbullying and Their Interplay: Evidence from a Sample of South Korean College Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-13, December.
    4. Morgan Lake, 2011. "An exploratory study of culture and cyber harassment," International Journal of Management and Decision Making, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 11(5/6), pages 387-396.
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    Cited by:

    1. Omar A. Alismaiel, 2023. "Digital Media Used in Education: The Influence on Cyberbullying Behaviors among Youth Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-19, January.

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