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The Multiple Cooperative Mechanism and Globalization Path of Small Inland Cities in China: A Showcase Study of Dunhuang, China

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  • Qing Liu

    (College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
    School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China)

  • Yongchun Yang

    (College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Qingmin Meng

    (Department of Geosciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA)

  • Shan Man

    (College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

  • Yidan Wang

    (College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

Abstract

Currently, urbanization driven by global capital flows entails a main trend in many large cites in China, while global capital investment in small inland cities especially in western China is extremely scarce, where their globalization characters the powerful nationalization power and market activation. Dunhuang, a small inland city in western China, has transformed successfully from an agricultural county to an international tourist city, a platform for worldwide cultural communication, and a node city in the Belt and Road region because of its unique and brilliant resources: Mogao Grottoes and Dunhuangology. Therefore, this paper develops a conceptual framework of the multiple cooperative mechanisms and globalization path (MCMGP) of Dunhuang, elaborating the process of industrial transformation, urban globalization, and multiple cooperative mechanisms between government and market actors based on interviewing records and statistics. Findings show that the MCMGP features government-led intervention, resource orientation, and centralization that embodies the driver of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Also, the MCM in Dunhuang’s globalization contains the mechanism of enrolment, mobilization and action, governance and global marketing, distributed in the two phases. Equally important, in response to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Silk Road (Dunhuang) International Cultural Expo (SRDICE) from the state, the city government has significantly reinvested and refined cultural tourism via governance mechanisms, carving out a key node city in the Silk Road and elevating an international tourist city. Environmentally, Dunhuang’s tourism internationalization enhances the process of the development of a sustainable shared mobility industry. Furthermore, its tourism development and social–ecology system maintain the synergistic relationships which international tourism promotes such as urban ecosystem and public welfare and in turn, social–ecological enhancement serve Dunhuang’s international tourism well. Practical implications of how Dunhuang’s experience may have lessons for others are discussed in China’s peculiar socialist market economy discourse.

Suggested Citation

  • Qing Liu & Yongchun Yang & Qingmin Meng & Shan Man & Yidan Wang, 2022. "The Multiple Cooperative Mechanism and Globalization Path of Small Inland Cities in China: A Showcase Study of Dunhuang, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-21, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:18:p:11241-:d:909253
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John Friedmann, 1986. "The World City Hypothesis," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 17(1), pages 69-83, January.
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    1. Jing Xu & Yongchun Yang & Shihan Cheng & Yanjie Mu, 2022. "The Globalization Path of the Deep Inland Cities Dominated by the International Festivals Based on the Power in Western China: The Comparison between Xining Sports Festival and Yinchuan Cultural Festi," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-23, November.

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