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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Neurofeedback Training of Theta Activity on Working Memory and Episodic Memory in Healthy Population

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  • Wen-Hsiu Yeh

    (Institute of Basic Medical Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
    Department of Physical Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung City 821, Taiwan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Ya-Ju Ju

    (Department of Physical Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung City 821, Taiwan
    Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Yu-Ting Liu

    (Department of Medical Science Industries, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan)

  • Ting-Yi Wang

    (Department of Doctorate of Nursing Practice Program, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA)

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neurofeedback training (NFT) of theta activity on working memory (WM) and episodic memory (EM) in healthy participants via a systematic review and meta-analysis. A total of 337 articles obtained from electronic databases were assessed; however, only 11 articles met the criteria for meta-analysis after manually screening and eliminating unnecessary studies. A meta-analysis calculating the Hedges’ g effect size metric with 95% confidence intervals using random effects models was employed. Heterogeneity was estimated using I 2 statistics. Theta NFT is effective in improving memory outcomes, including WM with a Hedges’ g of 0.56 [0.10; 1.02] (I 2 = 62.9% and p = 0.02), and EM with a Hedges’ g of 0.62 [0.13; 1.10] (I 2 = 42.04% and p = 0.01). Overall, the results suggest that theta NFT seems to be useful as nonpharmacological/adjunct training to improve WM and EM in healthy participants.

Suggested Citation

  • Wen-Hsiu Yeh & Ya-Ju Ju & Yu-Ting Liu & Ting-Yi Wang, 2022. "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Neurofeedback Training of Theta Activity on Working Memory and Episodic Memory in Healthy Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:17:p:11037-:d:905985
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    2. Alessandro Liberati & Douglas G Altman & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Cynthia Mulrow & Peter C Gøtzsche & John P A Ioannidis & Mike Clarke & P J Devereaux & Jos Kleijnen & David Moher, 2009. "The PRISMA Statement for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Studies That Evaluate Health Care Interventions: Explanation and Elaboration," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-28, July.
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