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Synthesis of Functionalized Carboxylated Graphene Oxide for the Remediation of Pb and Cr Contaminated Water

Author

Listed:
  • Sana Farooq

    (Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Humera Aziz

    (Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Shafaqat Ali

    (Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
    Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan)

  • Ghulam Murtaza

    (Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Rizwan

    (Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Hamzah Saleem

    (College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)

  • Shahid Mahboob

    (Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Khalid A. Al-Ghanim

    (Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mian N. Riaz

    (2476 TAMU, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 778, USA)

  • Behzad Murtaza

    (Department of Environmental Sciences, Vehari-Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari 61100, Pakistan)

Abstract

With the growing scarcity of water, the remediation of water polluted with heavy metals is the need of hour. The present research work is aimed to address this problem by adsorbing heavy metals ions (Pb (II) and Cr (VI)) on modified graphene oxide having an excess of carboxylic acid groups. For this, graphene oxide (GO) was modified with chloroacetic acid to produce carboxylated graphene oxide (GO-COOH). The successful synthesis of graphene oxide and its modification has been confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The increase in surface area of graphene oxide after treatment with chloroacetic acid characterized by BET indicated its successful modification. A batch experiment was conducted to optimize the different factors affecting adsorption of both heavy metals on GO-COOH. After functionalization, we achieved maximum adsorption capacities of 588.23 mg g −1 and 370.37 mg g −1 for Pb and Cr, respectively, by GO-COOH which were high compared to the previously reported adsorbents of this kind. The Langmuir model (R 2 = 0.998) and Pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R 2 = 0.999) confirmed the monolayer adsorption of Pb and Cr on GO-COOH and the chemisorption as the dominant process governing adsorption mechanism. The present work shows that the carboxylation of GO can enhance its adsorption capacity efficiently and may be applicable for the treatment of wastewater.

Suggested Citation

  • Sana Farooq & Humera Aziz & Shafaqat Ali & Ghulam Murtaza & Muhammad Rizwan & Muhammad Hamzah Saleem & Shahid Mahboob & Khalid A. Al-Ghanim & Mian N. Riaz & Behzad Murtaza, 2022. "Synthesis of Functionalized Carboxylated Graphene Oxide for the Remediation of Pb and Cr Contaminated Water," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-18, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:17:p:10610-:d:897475
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lianqin Zhao & Sheng-Tao Yang & Shicheng Feng & Qiang Ma & Xiaoling Peng & Deyi Wu, 2017. "Preparation and Application of Carboxylated Graphene Oxide Sponge in Dye Removal," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-13, October.
    2. Humera Aziz & Xiukang Wang & Ghulam Murtaza & Ambreen Ashar & Sarfraz Hussain & Muhammad Abid & Behzad Murtaza & Muhammad Hamzah Saleem & Sajid Fiaz & Shafaqat Ali, 2021. "Evaluation of Compost and Biochar to Mitigate Chlorpyrifos Pollution in Soil and Their Effect on Soil Enzyme Dynamics," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-15, August.
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