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Identifying Key Factors Associated with Green Justice in Accessibility: A Gradient Boosting Decision Tree Analysis

Author

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  • Sainan Du

    (Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, China)

  • Huagui He

    (Guangzhou Urban Planning and Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China)

  • Yanfang Liu

    (School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China)

  • Lijun Xing

    (Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Road, Wuhan 430062, China)

Abstract

Park green space (PGS) provides numerous environmental and health benefits for urban residents, and raises the issue of green justice for its uneven distribution in cities. Previous studies focus more on the measurements of spatial equity in accessibility, but are limited in exploring its impacts—especially the nonlinear influence. This study first measures accessibility and equity in two traffic modes, and then explores the nonlinear influence of multidimensional factors by using the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model across the central urban area of Wuhan. The results show significant spatial disparities in spatial accessibility and equity by walking and driving within 15 min. Multidimensional factors—including characteristics of PGS, the built environment, and socioeconomic factors—present stronger nonlinear influences on spatial accessibility and equity, and the nonlinear influence indicates that the contributions of the built environment and socioeconomic factors are greater than those of park characteristics, accounting for at least 79.76%. The key variables affecting the accessibility and equity are not completely consistent, leading to synergistic and heterogeneous effects, which may provide policy implications for streets where accessibility and equity are mismatched. These findings could provide guidance for PGS planning by decision-makers to improve the living environment and urban health.

Suggested Citation

  • Sainan Du & Huagui He & Yanfang Liu & Lijun Xing, 2022. "Identifying Key Factors Associated with Green Justice in Accessibility: A Gradient Boosting Decision Tree Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-17, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:16:p:10357-:d:892901
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Haoyuan Wu & Liangxu Wang & Zhonghao Zhang & Jun Gao, 2021. "Analysis and optimization of 15-minute community life circle based on supply and demand matching: A case study of Shanghai," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(8), pages 1-21, August.
    2. Tao, Tao & Wang, Jueyu & Cao, Xinyu, 2020. "Exploring the non-linear associations between spatial attributes and walking distance to transit," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    3. Jennings, Wesley G. & Reingle, Jennifer M., 2012. "On the number and shape of developmental/life-course violence, aggression, and delinquency trajectories: A state-of-the-art review," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 40(6), pages 472-489.
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    Cited by:

    1. Shuyu Huang & Chunxiao Wang & Mengting Deng & Yuxi Chen, 2022. "Coupling Coordination between Park Green Space (PGS) and Socioeconomic Deprivation (SED) in High-Density City Based on Multi-Scale: From Environmental Justice Perspective," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-20, December.

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