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The Effect of Binaural Beat Audio on Operative Pain and Anxiety in Cataract Surgery under Topical Anaesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Listed:
  • Ling Jiunn Loong

    (Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia)

  • Koh Koon Ling

    (Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia)

  • Evelyn Li Min Tai

    (Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia)

  • Yee Cheng Kueh

    (Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia)

  • Garry Kuan

    (Exercise and Sports Science, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia)

  • Adil Hussein

    (Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia)

Abstract

Background: The aim of this paper was to examine the analgesic and anxiolytic effects of binaural beat audio in patients undergoing cataract surgery under topical anaesthesia. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized controlled trial of 61 patients undergoing cataract surgery under topical anaesthesia. They were divided into two research conditions; the binaural beat audio group, and a sham-control grou p (ear phones with no music). Patients completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory questionnaire (STAI), and their blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured pre- and post-intervention. Intraoperative pain levels were ascertained using a visual analog scale (VAS) completed immediately after the surgery. Results: The binaural beat grou p had significantly lower pain scores ( p < 0.001), HR ( p < 0.001), diastolic BP ( p = 0.003), mean arterial pressure ( p = 0.007) and anxiety ( p = 0.009) than the control group. Within the binaural beat group, subjects experienced a statistically significant reduction in HR ( p = 0.004) and anxiety ( p < 0.001) levels compared to baseline values, while all parameters, except anxiety, increased significantly in the control group. Conclusions: Binaural beat audio decreases operative pain and anxiety in cataract surgery under topical anaesthesia. It may have additional benefits in modulating the tachycardic response to stress.

Suggested Citation

  • Ling Jiunn Loong & Koh Koon Ling & Evelyn Li Min Tai & Yee Cheng Kueh & Garry Kuan & Adil Hussein, 2022. "The Effect of Binaural Beat Audio on Operative Pain and Anxiety in Cataract Surgery under Topical Anaesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-11, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:16:p:10194-:d:890280
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chua Bee Seok & Harris Shah Abd Hamid & Jasmine Adela Mutang & Rosnah Ismail, 2018. "Psychometric Properties of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y) among Malaysian University Students," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-13, September.
    2. Yi‐Li Ko & Pi‐Chu Lin, 2012. "The effect of using a relaxation tape on pulse, respiration, blood pressure and anxiety levels of surgical patients," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 21(5‐6), pages 689-697, March.
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