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Prevalence, Management, and Associated Factors of Obesity, Hypertension, and Diabetes in Tibetan Population Compared with China Overall

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  • Wen Peng

    (Nutrition and Health Promotion Center, Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
    Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Ke Li

    (Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Alice F. Yan

    (Division of Research Patient Care Services, Stanford Health Care, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA)

  • Zumin Shi

    (Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar)

  • Junyi Zhang

    (Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610014, China)

  • Lawrence J. Cheskin

    (Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
    Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA)

  • Ahktar Hussain

    (International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
    Faculty of Health Sciences, Belgian and Nord University, 8001 Bodø, Norway)

  • Youfa Wang

    (Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China)

Abstract

Tibetans’ life expectancy lags behind China’s average. Obesity and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) contribute to health disparity, but NCD patterns among Tibetans are unknown. To examine the prevalence, management, and associated factors for obesity, hypertension, and diabetes among Tibetans, compared with China’s average, we systematically searched PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for studies between January 2010 and April 2021. Thirty-nine studies were included for systematic review, among thirty-seven that qualified for meta-analysis, with 115,403 participants. Pooled prevalence was 47.9% (95% CI 38.0–57.8) for overweight/obesity among adults (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m 2 ) and 15.4% (13.7–17.2) among children using Chinese criteria, which are lower than the national rates of 51.2% and 19.0%, respectively. The estimate for hypertension (31.4% [27.1–35.7]) exceeded China’s average (27.5%), while diabetes (7.5% [5.2–9.8]) was lower than average (11.9%). Men had a higher prevalence of the three conditions than women. Residents in urban areas, rural areas, and Buddhist institutes had monotonically decreased prevalence in hypertension and diabetes. Awareness, treatment, and control rates for hypertension and diabetes were lower than China’s average. Urban residence and high altitude were consistent risk factors for hypertension. Limited studies investigated factors for diabetes, yet none exist for obesity. Tibetans have high burdens of obesity and hypertension. Representative and longitudinal studies are needed for tailored interventions. There are considerable variations in study design, study sample selection, and data-analysis methods, as well as estimates of reviewed studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Wen Peng & Ke Li & Alice F. Yan & Zumin Shi & Junyi Zhang & Lawrence J. Cheskin & Ahktar Hussain & Youfa Wang, 2022. "Prevalence, Management, and Associated Factors of Obesity, Hypertension, and Diabetes in Tibetan Population Compared with China Overall," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8787-:d:866383
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nayla Cristina do Vale Moreira & Renan M. Montenegro & Haakon E. Meyer & Bishwajit Bhowmik & Ibrahimu Mdala & Tasnima Siddiquee & Virgínia Oliveira Fernandes & Akhtar Hussain, 2019. "Glycated Hemoglobin in the Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus in a Semi-Urban Brazilian Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-15, September.
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