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Development and Validation of Recreational Sport Well-Being Scale

Author

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  • Lu-Luan Pi

    (Department of Recreation and Sports Management, University of Taipei, Taipei 111036, Taiwan)

  • Chia-Ming Chang

    (Department of Physical Education, Health & Recreation, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 621302, Taiwan)

  • Hsi-Han Lin

    (Department of Tourism and Leisure, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333326, Taiwan)

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to develop the “Recreational Sport Well-being Scale”, which will be used to investigate the subjective recreational sport well-being individuals’ experience after participating in recreational sports. The study participants were Taiwanese who were over 20 years old and participated in recreational sports. Four sets of samples and 4050 questionnaires in total were collected. Using exploratory factor analysis, four factors were extracted from the scale –life satisfaction, physical and mental health, family flourishing, and positive feelings. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the scale’s overall goodness of fit, convergent validity, and composite reliability all passed the thresholds. The results of cross-validation indicated that the model passed configural invariance, metric invariance, covariance invariance, and error variance invariance, which suggested that the scale has cross validity. Nomological validity analysis was conducted, showing that Recreational Sport Well-being Scale is nomologically valid since it is positively correlated to Subjective Health Scale. Test-retest reliability analysis suggested that the test results were stable when a retest was carried out two weeks later. The developed “Recreational Sport Well-being Scale” is highly reliable and valid and can be applied to measure future recreational sports participants’ well-being.

Suggested Citation

  • Lu-Luan Pi & Chia-Ming Chang & Hsi-Han Lin, 2022. "Development and Validation of Recreational Sport Well-Being Scale," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-15, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8764-:d:865997
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. James Larson, 1993. "The measurement of social well-being," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 28(3), pages 285-296, March.
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    1. Suh-Ting Lin & Ying-Hua Hung & Meng-Hua Yang, 2022. "The Relationships among Sport Participation Level, Flow Experience, Perceived Health Status and Depression Level of College Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-12, December.

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