IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i14p8764-d865997.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Development and Validation of Recreational Sport Well-Being Scale

Author

Listed:
  • Lu-Luan Pi

    (Department of Recreation and Sports Management, University of Taipei, Taipei 111036, Taiwan)

  • Chia-Ming Chang

    (Department of Physical Education, Health & Recreation, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 621302, Taiwan)

  • Hsi-Han Lin

    (Department of Tourism and Leisure, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333326, Taiwan)

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to develop the “Recreational Sport Well-being Scale”, which will be used to investigate the subjective recreational sport well-being individuals’ experience after participating in recreational sports. The study participants were Taiwanese who were over 20 years old and participated in recreational sports. Four sets of samples and 4050 questionnaires in total were collected. Using exploratory factor analysis, four factors were extracted from the scale –life satisfaction, physical and mental health, family flourishing, and positive feelings. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the scale’s overall goodness of fit, convergent validity, and composite reliability all passed the thresholds. The results of cross-validation indicated that the model passed configural invariance, metric invariance, covariance invariance, and error variance invariance, which suggested that the scale has cross validity. Nomological validity analysis was conducted, showing that Recreational Sport Well-being Scale is nomologically valid since it is positively correlated to Subjective Health Scale. Test-retest reliability analysis suggested that the test results were stable when a retest was carried out two weeks later. The developed “Recreational Sport Well-being Scale” is highly reliable and valid and can be applied to measure future recreational sports participants’ well-being.

Suggested Citation

  • Lu-Luan Pi & Chia-Ming Chang & Hsi-Han Lin, 2022. "Development and Validation of Recreational Sport Well-Being Scale," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-15, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8764-:d:865997
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/14/8764/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/14/8764/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. James Larson, 1993. "The measurement of social well-being," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 28(3), pages 285-296, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Suh-Ting Lin & Ying-Hua Hung & Meng-Hua Yang, 2022. "The Relationships among Sport Participation Level, Flow Experience, Perceived Health Status and Depression Level of College Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-12, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Elizabeth Hahn & David Cella & Rita Bode & Rachel Hanrahan, 2010. "Measuring Social Well-Being in People with Chronic Illness," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 96(3), pages 381-401, May.
    2. Cho, Sun Mi & Park, Chan-ung & Song, Min, 2020. "The evolution of social health research topics: A data-driven analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    3. Thomas Jordan, 2011. "Sons of St. Patrick: Quality of Life and Heights of Young Irish Males at Mid-Nineteenth Century," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 102(3), pages 389-408, July.
    4. Gabriele Prati & Cinzia Albanesi & Luca Pietrantoni, 2016. "The Reciprocal Relationship between Sense of Community and Social Well-Being: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 127(3), pages 1321-1332, July.
    5. Xiao He & Furong Zhang & Hongdan Zhao & Jie Li, 2022. "How Migration in Later Life Shapes Their Quality of Life: A Qualitative Investigation of the Well-Being of the “Drifting Elderly” in China," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 160(2), pages 909-933, April.
    6. Mohsen Joshanloo, 2021. "Centrality and Dimensionality of 14 Indicators of Mental Well-Being in Four Countries: Developing an Integrative Framework to Guide Theorizing and Measurement," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 158(2), pages 727-750, December.
    7. Hatch, Stephani L. & Harvey, Samuel B. & Maughan, Barbara, 2010. "A developmental-contextual approach to understanding mental health and well-being in early adulthood," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(2), pages 261-268, January.
    8. Minxiang Zhao & Yixuan Li & Junqi Lin & Yuan Fang & Yuchuan Yang & Boyang Li & Yan Dong, 2024. "The Relationship Between Trust and Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 25(5), pages 1-26, June.
    9. Adam Shapiro & Corey Keyes, 2008. "Marital Status and Social Well-Being: Are the Married Always Better Off?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 88(2), pages 329-346, September.
    10. Giulia Casu & Eugenia Gentili & Paola Gremigni, 2020. "Future Time Perspective and Perceived Social Support: The Mediating Role of Gratitude," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-11, September.
    11. Mahshid Taheri & Elham Ghasemi & Reza Negarandeh & Leila Janani & Fatemeh Mirbazegh, 2019. "Social Wellbeing Among Iranian Caregivers," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 141(2), pages 657-667, January.
    12. Rock, Amelia & Barrington, Clare & Abdoulayi, Sara & Tsoka, Maxton & Mvula, Peter & Handa, Sudhanshu, 2016. "Social networks, social participation, and health among youth living in extreme poverty in rural Malawi," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 55-62.
    13. Qun Wang & Kunyi Fan & Peng Li, 2022. "Effect of the Use of Home and Community Care Services on the Multidimensional Health of Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-11, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8764-:d:865997. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.