IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i14p8461-d860221.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Are House Prices Affected by PM 2.5 Pollution? Evidence from Beijing, China

Author

Listed:
  • Wenhao Xue

    (School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China)

  • Xinyao Li

    (Business School, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Zhe Yang

    (School of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China)

  • Jing Wei

    (Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA)

Abstract

With the progress of high-quality development in China, residents have begun to focus on the air quality of their residential areas in an effort to reduce the health threats of air pollution. Gradually, the risk associated with air pollution has become an important factor affecting housing prices. To quantitatively analyze the impact of air pollution on house prices, panel data, including data for fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) concentrations, house prices and other auxiliary variables from 2009 to 2018, were collected from 16 districts in Beijing, China. Based on this dataset, ordinary least squares (OLS), moderating effect and threshold effect models were constructed for empirical investigation. Within the studied decade, PM 2.5 pollution shows a significant decreasing trend of −3.79 μg m −3 yr −1 ( p < 0.01). For house prices, the opposite trend was found. The empirical results indicate that PM 2.5 pollution has a negative effect on house prices and that every 1% increase in PM 2.5 causes an approximately 0.541% decrease in house prices. However, the inhibition of PM 2.5 on housing prices is moderated by regional educational resources, especially in areas with high education levels. In addition, per capita disposable income can also cause heterogeneities in the impact of PM 2.5 on house prices, whereby the threshold is approximately CNY 101,185. Notably, the endogeneity problems of this study are solved by the instrumental variable method, and the results are robust. This outcome suggests that the coordinated control of air pollution and balanced educational resources among regions are required for the future sustainable development of the real estate market.

Suggested Citation

  • Wenhao Xue & Xinyao Li & Zhe Yang & Jing Wei, 2022. "Are House Prices Affected by PM 2.5 Pollution? Evidence from Beijing, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-17, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8461-:d:860221
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/14/8461/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/14/8461/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jakob, Michael & Haller, Markus & Marschinski, Robert, 2012. "Will history repeat itself? Economic convergence and convergence in energy use patterns," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 95-104.
    2. Zhang, Yanbing & Hua, Xiuping & Zhao, Liang, 2012. "Exploring determinants of housing prices: A case study of Chinese experience in 1999–2010," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(6), pages 2349-2361.
    3. Du, Hongyan & Ma, Yongkai & An, Yunbi, 2011. "The impact of land policy on the relation between housing and land prices: Evidence from China," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 19-27, February.
    4. Biao Sun & Shan Yang, 2020. "Asymmetric and Spatial Non-Stationary Effects of Particulate Air Pollution on Urban Housing Prices in Chinese Cities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-23, October.
    5. Kelejian, Harry H & Prucha, Ingmar R, 1998. "A Generalized Spatial Two-Stage Least Squares Procedure for Estimating a Spatial Autoregressive Model with Autoregressive Disturbances," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 99-121, July.
    6. Mei Liu & Qing-Ping Ma, 2021. "Determinants of house prices in China: a panel-corrected regression approach," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 67(1), pages 47-72, August.
    7. T. Paul Schultz, 2002. "Wage Gains Associated with Height as a Form of Health Human Capital," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 92(2), pages 349-353, May.
    8. Yang Yang & Liwen Luo & Chao Song & Hao Yin & Jintao Yang, 2018. "Spatiotemporal Assessment of PM 2.5 -Related Economic Losses from Health Impacts during 2014–2016 in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-16, June.
    9. Zhang, Lei & Yi, Yimin, 2018. "What contributes to the rising house prices in Beijing? A decomposition approach," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 72-84.
    10. David H. Romer & Jeffrey A. Frankel, 1999. "Does Trade Cause Growth?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 89(3), pages 379-399, June.
    11. Ossokina, Ioulia V. & Verweij, Gerard, 2015. "Urban traffic externalities: Quasi-experimental evidence from housing prices," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 1-13.
    12. Jeffrey M. Wooldridge, 2003. "Cluster-Sample Methods in Applied Econometrics," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 93(2), pages 133-138, May.
    13. Le Boennec, Rémy & Salladarré, Frédéric, 2017. "The impact of air pollution and noise on the real estate market. The case of the 2013 European Green Capital: Nantes, France," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 82-89.
    14. Huayi Yu, 2010. "China’s House Price: Affected by Economic Fundamentals or Real Estate Policy?," Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities, Higher Education Press, vol. 5(1), pages 25-51, March.
    15. York, Richard & Gossard, Marcia Hill, 2004. "Cross-national meat and fish consumption: exploring the effects of modernization and ecological context," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(3), pages 293-302, March.
    16. Feng, Hao & Lu, Ming, 2013. "School quality and housing prices: Empirical evidence from a natural experiment in Shanghai, China," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 291-307.
    17. Ouyang, Yanyan & Cai, Hongbo & Yu, Xuefei & Li, Zijian, 2022. "Capitalization of social infrastructure into China's urban and rural housing values: Empirical evidence from Bayesian Model Averaging," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    18. Valérie Lechene & Krishna Pendakur & Alex Wolf, 2022. "Ordinary Least Squares Estimation of the Intrahousehold Distribution of Expenditure," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 130(3), pages 681-731.
    19. Chen, Dengke & Chen, Shiyi, 2017. "Particulate air pollution and real estate valuation: Evidence from 286 Chinese prefecture-level cities over 2004–2013," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 884-897.
    20. Horrace, William C. & Oaxaca, Ronald L., 2006. "Results on the bias and inconsistency of ordinary least squares for the linear probability model," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 90(3), pages 321-327, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Craig S. Galbraith & Edward Graham & Jake Lee, 2024. "Impact of North Korean Threats on Housing Prices in South Korea: A Research Note," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 27(3), pages 361-371.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ng, Eric C.Y., 2015. "Housing market dynamics in China: Findings from an estimated DSGE model," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 26-40.
    2. Jian Liang & Kang Mo Koo & Chyi Lin Lee, 2021. "Transportation infrastructure improvement and real estate value: impact of level crossing removal project on housing prices," Transportation, Springer, vol. 48(6), pages 2969-3011, December.
    3. Mei Liu & Qing-Ping Ma, 2021. "Determinants of house prices in China: a panel-corrected regression approach," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 67(1), pages 47-72, August.
    4. Li, Victor Jing & Cheng, Andy Wui Wing & Cheong, Tsun Se, 2017. "Home purchase restriction and housing price: A distribution dynamics analysis," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 1-10.
    5. Löschel, Andreas & Pothen, Frank & Schymura, Michael, 2015. "Peeling the onion: Analyzing aggregate, national and sectoral energy intensity in the European Union," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(S1), pages 63-75.
    6. Voigt, Sebastian & De Cian, Enrica & Schymura, Michael & Verdolini, Elena, 2014. "Energy intensity developments in 40 major economies: Structural change or technology improvement?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 47-62.
    7. Borsky, Stefan & Kalkschmied, Katja, 2019. "Corruption in space: A closer look at the world's subnations," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 400-422.
    8. Chucai Peng & Yang Xiang & Luxia Chen & Yangyang Zhang & Zhixiang Zhou, 2023. "The Impact of the Type and Abundance of Urban Blue Space on House Prices: A Case Study of Eight Megacities in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-27, April.
    9. Zhang, Dingsheng & Cheng, Wenli & Ng, Yew-Kwang, 2013. "Increasing returns, land use controls and housing prices in China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 789-795.
    10. Fredrick M. Wamalwa & Justine Burns, 2017. "Gender and Birth Order Effects on Intra-household Schooling Choices and Education Attainments in Kenya," SALDRU Working Papers 203, Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town.
    11. Xiaoping Zhou & Zhenyang Qin & Yingjie Zhang & Linyi Zhao & Yan Song, 2019. "Quantitative Estimation and Spatiotemporal Characteristic Analysis of Price Deviation in China's Housing Market," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-28, December.
    12. Leila Baghdadi & Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso & Celestino Suárez-Burguet & Habib Zitouna, 2012. "Is the road to regional integration paved with pollution convergence?," Working Papers 2012/03, Economics Department, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón (Spain).
    13. Sambit Bhattacharyya, 2009. "Root Causes of African Underdevelopment," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, vol. 18(5), pages 745-780, November.
    14. Jere R. Behrman & John Hoddinott & John A. Maluccio & Reynaldo Martorell, 2009. "Brains versus Brawn: Labor Market Returns to Intellectual and Health Human Capital in a Poor Developing Country," Middlebury College Working Paper Series 0907, Middlebury College, Department of Economics.
    15. Faber, Gerrit & Gerritse, Michiel, 2012. "Foreign determinants of local institutions: Spatial dependence and openness," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 54-63.
    16. Minmeng Tang & Deb Niemeier, 2021. "How Does Air Pollution Influence Housing Prices in the Bay Area?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-13, November.
    17. Sambit Bhattacharyya, 2011. "Growth Miracles and Growth Debacles," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 13609.
    18. Achim Ahrens, 2015. "Civil conflicts in Africa: Climate, economic shocks, nighttime lights and spill-over effects," SEEC Discussion Papers 1501, Spatial Economics and Econometrics Centre, Heriot Watt University.
    19. Doan, Quang Cuong, 2023. "Determining the optimal land valuation model: A case study of Hanoi, Vietnam," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    20. Lina Lu, 2017. "Simultaneous Spatial Panel Data Models with Common Shocks," Supervisory Research and Analysis Working Papers RPA 17-3, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:14:p:8461-:d:860221. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.