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Women Emotional, Cognitive and Physiological Modes of Coping with Daily Urban Environments: A Pilot Study

Author

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  • Izhak Schnell

    (Geography and Human Environment Department, Exact Science Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel)

  • Basem Hijazi

    (Geography and Human Environment Department, Exact Science Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel)

  • Diana Saadi

    (Geography and Human Environment Department, Exact Science Faculty, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel)

  • Emanuel Tirosh

    (The Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion, Technical Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel)

Abstract

Studies on the effect of urban environments on human risk to health and well-being tend to focus on either physiological or cognitive and emotional effects. For each of these effects, several indicators have been proposed. They are determined either by a physiological-emotional theory or by a cognitive theory of direct attention. However, the interrelationships between these indices have not been thoroughly investigated in environmental contexts. Recently, a neuro-visceral model that incorporates all three aspects has been proposed. The present article focuses on understanding the mechanism of coping with urban environments. More specifically, we analyze the interrelations among nine of the more commonly used indices that represent the physiological, emotional and cognitive aspects of coping with urban environments. The data were collected in the following four environments: home, park, city center and residential area. The participants were 72 healthy, middle-class mothers with either high school or postgraduate education. They wherein their fertile age (20–35) with average Body Mass Index (BMI) of 22.2 and S.D. of 0.8 (48 Arab Muslims and 24 Jewish). They were recruited in a snowball method. Path analysis and principal component analysis are used in order to identify the interrelations among the physiological, cognitive and emotional indices and the directions of these interrelations. According to the findings, the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), as measured by Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and primarily the parasympathetic tone (High frequency-HF) is the pivotal mechanism that modulates emotional and cognitive responses to environmental nuisances. The ANS response precedes and may trigger the emotional and the cognitive responses, which are only partially interrelated. It appears that the autonomic balance measured by Standard Deviation of NN interval (SDNN) and HF, the cognitive index of restoration and the emotional indices of discomfort and relaxation are closely interrelated. These seemingly disparate operands work together to form a comprehensive underlying network that apparently causes stress and risk to health in urban environments while restoring health in green environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Izhak Schnell & Basem Hijazi & Diana Saadi & Emanuel Tirosh, 2022. "Women Emotional, Cognitive and Physiological Modes of Coping with Daily Urban Environments: A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-14, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:13:p:8190-:d:855536
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Junia N. de Brito & Zachary C. Pope & Nathan R. Mitchell & Ingrid E. Schneider & Jean M. Larson & Teresa H. Horton & Mark A. Pereira, 2019. "Changes in Psychological and Cognitive Outcomes after Green versus Suburban Walking: A Pilot Crossover Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-12, August.
    2. Sus Sola Corazon & Ulrik Sidenius & Dorthe Varning Poulsen & Marie Christoffersen Gramkow & Ulrika Karlsson Stigsdotter, 2019. "Psycho-Physiological Stress Recovery in Outdoor Nature-Based Interventions: A Systematic Review of the Past Eight Years of Research," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-21, May.
    3. Prita Indah Pratiwi & Qiongying Xiang & Katsunori Furuya, 2019. "Physiological and Psychological Effects of Viewing Urban Parks in Different Seasons in Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-14, November.
    4. Kurt Beil & Douglas Hanes, 2013. "The Influence of Urban Natural and Built Environments on Physiological and Psychological Measures of Stress— A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-18, March.
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