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Eco-Efficiency and Its Drivers in Tourism Sectors with Respect to Carbon Emissions from the Supply Chain: An Integrated EEIO and DEA Approach

Author

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  • Bing Xia

    (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Suocheng Dong

    (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Zehong Li

    (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

  • Minyan Zhao

    (Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Dongqi Sun

    (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Wenbiao Zhang

    (Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, 33 North Fourth Ring Middle Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Yu Li

    (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
    College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

Abstract

Eco-efficiency analysis can provide useful information about sustainability in the tourism industry, which has an important role in both global economy recovery and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), generating considerable indirect carbon emissions with respect to the supply chain due to its significant connections to other industries. This study, from the perspective of tourism sectors, including tourism hotels, travel agencies, and scenic spots, integrated the environmentally extended input–output analysis (EEIO) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) models to develop a research framework, analyzing the indirect carbon emissions of the tourism supply chain, evaluating eco-efficiency with respect to both direct carbon emissions and total carbon emissions (including direct and indirect parts), and exploring the driving factors of eco-efficiency of tourism sectors using Tobit regression models. This study took Gansu as a case, a province in China characterized by higher carbon intensity, an underdeveloped economy, and rapid tourism growth. The results demonstrate that (1) tourism hotels contribute the most carbon emissions in tourism sectors, especially indirectly due to the supply chain, with carbon emissions mainly resulting from the manufacturing of food and tobacco; (2) the eco-efficiency of tourism sectors in Gansu presents a U-shaped curve, which is consistent with Kuznets’ theory; and (3) energy technology is key to improving the eco-efficiency of tourism sectors. The research results provide a clear path for the reduction of carbon emissions and the improvement of eco-efficiency in Gansu tourism sectors. Against the backdrop of global climate change and the post-COVID-19 era, our research framework and findings provide a reference for similar regions and countries who are in urgent need of rapid tourism development to effect economic recovery.

Suggested Citation

  • Bing Xia & Suocheng Dong & Zehong Li & Minyan Zhao & Dongqi Sun & Wenbiao Zhang & Yu Li, 2022. "Eco-Efficiency and Its Drivers in Tourism Sectors with Respect to Carbon Emissions from the Supply Chain: An Integrated EEIO and DEA Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(11), pages 1-26, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:11:p:6951-:d:832702
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    Cited by:

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    3. Jing Zhang & Bing Xia, 2024. "Carbon Emissions and Its Efficiency of Tourist Hotels in China from the Supply Chain Based on the Input–Output Method and Super-SBM Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-27, October.
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    6. Hongwei Liu & Chenchen Gao & Henry Tsai, 2024. "Spatial spillover and determinants of tourism efficiency: A low carbon emission perspective," Tourism Economics, , vol. 30(3), pages 543-566, May.
    7. Yingying Hu, 2022. "Where Have Carbon Emissions Gone? Evidence of Inbound Tourism in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-20, September.
    8. Yufeng Cheng & Kai Zhu & Quan Zhou & Youssef El Archi & Moaaz Kabil & Bulcsú Remenyik & Lóránt Dénes Dávid, 2023. "Tourism Ecological Efficiency and Sustainable Development in the Hanjiang River Basin: A Super-Efficiency Slacks-Based Measure Model Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-17, April.

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