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Changes in the Oral Cavity in Menopausal Women—A Narrative Review

Author

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  • Aleksandra Ciesielska

    (Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Aida Kusiak

    (Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Agata Ossowska

    (Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland)

  • Magdalena Emilia Grzybowska

    (Department of Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-204 Gdansk, Poland)

Abstract

Oral health awareness during the menopausal period is essential to minimize the inevitable inconveniences which may occur due to hormonal changes. The decrease in estrogen hormone concentration impacts the oral mucosa in a similar way to the vaginal mucosa due to the presence of estrogen receptors in both of these structures. An estrogen deficiency also affects the maturation process of the oral mucosal epithelium and can lead to its thinning and atrophy, making it more susceptible to local mechanical injuries, causing a change in pain tolerance and problems in the use of removable prosthetic restorations. Mucosal epithelium during the menopausal period is more vulnerable to infections, candidiasis , burning mouth syndrome, oral lichen planus (OLP), or idiopathic neuropathy. Moreover, salivary glands are also hormone-dependent which leads to changes in saliva secretion and its consistency. In consequence, it may affect teeth and periodontal tissues, resulting in an increased risk of caries and periodontal disease in menopausal women. Due to the large variety of complaints and symptoms occurring in the oral cavity, menopausal women constitute a significant group of patients who should receive special preventive and therapeutic care from doctors and dentists in this particular period.

Suggested Citation

  • Aleksandra Ciesielska & Aida Kusiak & Agata Ossowska & Magdalena Emilia Grzybowska, 2021. "Changes in the Oral Cavity in Menopausal Women—A Narrative Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-12, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2021:i:1:p:253-:d:711751
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Aleksandra Cydejko & Aida Kusiak & Magdalena Emilia Grzybowska & Barbara Kochańska & Jolanta Ochocińska & Adrian Maj & Dariusz Świetlik, 2020. "Selected Physicochemical Properties of Saliva in Menopausal Women—A Pilot Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-8, April.
    2. Avis, Nancy E. & Stellato, Rebecca & Crawford, Sybil & Bromberger, Joyce & Ganz, Patricia & Cain, Virginia & Kagawa-Singer, Marjorie, 2001. "Is there a menopausal syndrome? Menopausal status and symptoms across racial/ethnic groups," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 52(3), pages 345-356, February.
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