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Analysis of Suicide Methods and Substances Influencing the State of Consciousness of Their Victims in Poland

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  • Dorota Lasota

    (Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02097 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel

    (Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02097 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Krzysztof Goniewicz

    (Department of Aviation Security, Military University of Aviation, 08521 Dęblin, Poland)

Abstract

An integral part of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) mental health action plan for 2013–2020 is suicide prevention, and a 10% reduction in the suicide rate. A key element of the preventive measures taken is, among other things, limiting access to means enabling and facilitating committing suicide. However, this requires detailed knowledge of community suicide patterns and preferences. Unfortunately, such information is not usually collected, and the recorded method of committing suicide is often imprecise and untrue, which means that such knowledge has limited application in presuicidal prophylaxis. The statistical data on suicides recorded as part of the Police Statistics in Poland during the years 2009–2019 was analyzed. The analysis included suicide deaths and suicide attempts, taking into account the suicide methods and substances influencing the state of consciousness of their victims. The number of suicides in Poland in the analyzed period tended to increase. The most common method of suicide was hanging, and alcohol was the substance influencing the state of consciousness of suicide victims. The statistics for 2017–2019 showed the presence of new methods of suicide, such as taking drugs other than hypnotics, intoxication with narcotic drugs, poisoning with designer drugs, suffocation and self-immolation, as well as new psychoactive substances affecting the state of consciousness of victims, i.e., drugs and narcotic drugs. The effectiveness of actions taken in Poland in the field of suicide prevention does not bring the desired effects, as evidenced by growing number of suicides. This low effectiveness is mainly due to the lack of a national suicide prevention strategy. The effectiveness of these activities may be improved by creating a uniform database of suicides, which is a source of reliable information which will allow the taking of actions aimed at limiting the availability of means enabling and facilitating the committing of suicide. The study aimed to analyze the types of suicide methods and substances influencing the state of consciousness of their victims in Poland in the years covered by the study.

Suggested Citation

  • Dorota Lasota & Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel & Krzysztof Goniewicz, 2021. "Analysis of Suicide Methods and Substances Influencing the State of Consciousness of Their Victims in Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-12, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:9:p:4936-:d:549346
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dorota Lasota & Ahmed Al-Wathinani & Paweł Krajewski & Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel & Krzysztof Goniewicz & Attila J. Hertelendy & Riyadh A. Alhazmi & Witold Pawłowski & Amir Khorram-Manesh & Mariusz Goniew, 2020. "Alcohol and the Risk of Railway Suicide," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(19), pages 1-10, September.
    2. Silke Bachmann, 2018. "Epidemiology of Suicide and the Psychiatric Perspective," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-23, July.
    3. Duleeka Knipe & A Jess Williams & Stephanie Hannam-Swain & Stephanie Upton & Katherine Brown & Piumee Bandara & Shu-Sen Chang & Nav Kapur, 2019. "Psychiatric morbidity and suicidal behaviour in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(10), pages 1-29, October.
    4. Błażej Łyszczarz, 2019. "Production Losses Associated with Alcohol-Attributable Mortality in the European Union," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(19), pages 1-14, September.
    5. Dorota Lasota & Witold Pawłowski & Paweł Krajewski & Anna Staniszewska & Krzysztof Goniewicz & Mariusz Goniewicz, 2019. "Seasonality of Suicides among Victims Who Are under the Influence of Alcohol," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-9, August.
    6. Krzysztof Goniewicz & Eric Carlström & Attila J. Hertelendy & Frederick M. Burkle & Mariusz Goniewicz & Dorota Lasota & John G. Richmond & Amir Khorram-Manesh, 2021. "Integrated Healthcare and the Dilemma of Public Health Emergencies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-13, April.
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    1. Anna Staniszewska & Dorota Lasota & Aleksandra Kielan & Anna Brytek-Matera, 2022. "Suicide Attempts and Suicides as a Result of Poisoning and under the Influence of Xenobiotics in Poland in 1999–2020," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(4), pages 1-14, February.

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