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Human Adenovirus Molecular Characterization in Various Water Environments and Seasonal Impacts in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Author

Listed:
  • Islam Nour

    (Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Atif Hanif

    (Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Adel M. Zakri

    (Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ibrahim Al-Ashkar

    (Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
    Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt)

  • Abdulkarim Alhetheel

    (Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

  • Saleh Eifan

    (Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The regular monitoring of water environments is essential for preventing waterborne virus-mediated contamination and mitigating health concerns. We aimed to detect human adenovirus (HAdV) in the Wadi Hanifah (WH) and Wadi Namar (WN) lakes, King Saud University wastewater treatment plant (KSU-WWTP), Manfouha-WWTP, irrigation water (IW), and AnNazim landfill (ANLF) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. HAdV hexon sequences were analyzed against 71 HAdV prototypes and investigated for seasonal influence. ANLF had the highest HAdV prevalence (83.3%). Remarkably, the F species of HAdV, especially serotype 41, predominated. Daily temperature ranges (22–45 °C and 10–33 °C) influenced the significance of the differences between the locations. The most significant relationship of ANLF and IW to WH and KSU-WWTP was found at the high-temperature range ( p = 0.001). Meanwhile, WN was most correlated to ANLF at the low-temperature range ( p < 0.0001). Seasonal influences on HAdV prevalence were insignificant despite HAdV’s high prevalence in autumn and winter months, favoring low temperatures (high: 22–25 °C, low: 14–17 °C) at five out of six locations. Our study provides insightful information on HAdV prevalence and the circulating strains that can address the knowledge gap in the environmental impacts of viruses and help control viral diseases in public health management.

Suggested Citation

  • Islam Nour & Atif Hanif & Adel M. Zakri & Ibrahim Al-Ashkar & Abdulkarim Alhetheel & Saleh Eifan, 2021. "Human Adenovirus Molecular Characterization in Various Water Environments and Seasonal Impacts in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-11, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:9:p:4773-:d:546571
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lucia Bonadonna & Giuseppina La Rosa, 2019. "A Review and Update on Waterborne Viral Diseases Associated with Swimming Pools," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-11, January.
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