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Long-Term Iron and Vitamin B12 Deficiency Are Present after Bariatric Surgery, despite the Widespread Use of Supplements

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  • Mauro Lombardo

    (Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
    Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Arianna Franchi

    (Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy)

  • Roberto Biolcati Rinaldi

    (Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy)

  • Gianluca Rizzo

    (Independent Researcher, Via Venezuela 66, 98121 Messina, Italy)

  • Monica D’Adamo

    (Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Valeria Guglielmi

    (Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Alfonso Bellia

    (Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
    Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Elvira Padua

    (Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
    School of Human Movement Sciences, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy)

  • Massimiliano Caprio

    (Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
    Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Rome, Italy)

  • Paolo Sbraccia

    (Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy)

Abstract

There are few long-term nutritional studies in subjects undergoing bariatric surgery that have assessed weight regain and nutritional deficiencies. In this study, we report data 8 years after surgery on weight loss, use of dietary supplements and deficit of micronutrients in a cohort of patients from five centres in central and northern Italy. The study group consisted of 52 subjects (age: 38.1 ± 10.6 y, 42 females): 16 patients had Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), 25 patients had sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and 11 subjects had adjustable gastric banding (AGB). All three bariatric procedures led to sustained weight loss: the average percentage excess weight loss, defined as weight loss divided by excess weight based on ideal body weight, was 60.6% ± 32.3. Despite good adherence to prescribed supplements, 80.7% of subjects (72.7%, AGB; 76.7%, SG; 93.8 %, RYGB) reported at least one nutritional deficiency: iron (F 64.3% vs. M 30%), vitamin B12 (F 16.6% vs. M 10%), calcium (F 33.3% vs. M 0%) and vitamin D (F 38.1% vs. M 60%). Long-term nutritional deficiencies were greater than the general population among men for iron and among women for vitamin B12.

Suggested Citation

  • Mauro Lombardo & Arianna Franchi & Roberto Biolcati Rinaldi & Gianluca Rizzo & Monica D’Adamo & Valeria Guglielmi & Alfonso Bellia & Elvira Padua & Massimiliano Caprio & Paolo Sbraccia, 2021. "Long-Term Iron and Vitamin B12 Deficiency Are Present after Bariatric Surgery, despite the Widespread Use of Supplements," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-9, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:9:p:4541-:d:542928
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Giovanna Flore & Andrea Deledda & Michele Fosci & Mauro Lombardo & Enrico Moroni & Stefano Pintus & Fernanda Velluzzi & Giovanni Fantola, 2023. "Perioperative Nutritional Management in Enhanced Recovery after Bariatric Surgery," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(19), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Ngan Thi Kim Nguyen & Nguyen-Phong Vo & Shih-Yi Huang & Weu Wang, 2022. "Fat-Free Mass and Skeletal Muscle Mass Gain Are Associated with Diabetes Remission after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Males but Not in Females," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(2), pages 1-11, January.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    iron; vitamin D; vitamin B12; Roux-en-Y gastric bypass; sleeve gastrectomy; adjustable gastric banding; nutritional deficiency; bariatric surgery;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B12 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought through 1925 - - - Classical (includes Adam Smith)

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