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Investigation of the Association between Smoking Behavior and Metabolic Syndrome Using Lipid Accumulation Product Index among South Korean Adults

Author

Listed:
  • Sung Hoon Jeong

    (Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
    Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea)

  • Bich Na Jang

    (Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
    Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea)

  • Seung Hoon Kim

    (Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
    Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea)

  • Sung-In Jang

    (Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
    Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea)

  • Eun-Cheol Park

    (Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
    Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea)

Abstract

Electronic cigarette vaping has recently been chosen as a smoking alternative for those who want to quit smoking, but some of the electronic cigarette users use both traditional and electronic cigarettes (dual smoking) without stopping smoking. This study investigated the association between smoking behavior and metabolic syndrome among Korean adults. Data from 14,607 participants (6142 males and 8465 females) were examined. They were divided into four categories: dual smoking (both conventional and e-cigarettes), single smoking (only conventional cigarettes), previously smoking, and non-smoking. Metabolic syndrome risk was calculated as a continuous variable using the lipid accumulation product (LAP) index. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association of log-transformed LAP with smoking behavior. Among the total participants, 187 males and 35 females were dual smokers and 1850 males and 372 females were single smokers. LAP was significantly higher in male who practiced dual and single smoking than LAP of non-smokers—dual: β = 0.27, standard error (SE) = 0.06, p < 0.0001; single: β = 0.18, SE = 0.03, p < 0.0001. In female, LAP was significantly higher among those who practiced only single smoking than LAP of non-smokers (β = 0.21, SE = 0.04, p < 0.0001). Dual and single smoking were significantly associated with higher LAP, a strong predictor of metabolic syndrome. Further studies and awareness regarding the adverse effects of dual smoking are required.

Suggested Citation

  • Sung Hoon Jeong & Bich Na Jang & Seung Hoon Kim & Sung-In Jang & Eun-Cheol Park, 2021. "Investigation of the Association between Smoking Behavior and Metabolic Syndrome Using Lipid Accumulation Product Index among South Korean Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-10, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:8:p:4151-:d:536135
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yuchun Tao & Jianxing Yu & Yuhui Tao & Hui Pang & Yang Yu & Yaqin Yu & Lina Jin, 2016. "Comparison of the Combined Obesity Indices to Predict Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome in Northeast China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-9, August.
    2. Dong-Woo Choi & Jooeun Jeon & Sang Ah Lee & Kyu-Tae Han & Eun-Cheol Park & Sung-In Jang, 2018. "Association between Smoking Behavior Patterns and Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in a General Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-10, October.
    3. Kan Sun & Jianmin Liu & Guang Ning, 2012. "Active Smoking and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 7(10), pages 1-9, October.
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