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Perceived Effectiveness, Restrictiveness, and Compliance with Containment Measures against the Covid-19 Pandemic: An International Comparative Study in 11 Countries

Author

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  • Irina Georgieva

    (Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria
    Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria)

  • Tella Lantta

    (Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
    Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland)

  • Jakub Lickiewicz

    (Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
    Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow, 31-008 Kraków, Poland)

  • Jaroslav Pekara

    (Paramedic Department, Medical College in Prague, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
    Paramedic Department, Medical College in Prague, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic)

  • Sofia Wikman

    (Department of Criminology, University of Gavle, 80176 Gävle, Sweden
    Department of Criminology, University of Gavle, 80176 Gävle, Sweden)

  • Marina Loseviča

    (Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
    Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia)

  • Bevinahalli Nanjegowda Raveesh

    (Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Mysore 570001, India
    Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College, Mysore 570001, India)

  • Adriana Mihai

    (Clinical Department of Medicine GE Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy Science and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania
    Clinical Department of Medicine GE Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy Science and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania)

  • Peter Lepping

    (Centre for Mental Health and Society, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK
    Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Karnataka 570001, India
    Centre for Mental Health and Society, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK
    Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Karnataka 570001, India)

Abstract

National governments took action to delay the transmission of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by implementing different containment measures. We developed an online survey that included 44 different containment measures. We aimed to assess how effective citizens perceive these measures, which measures are perceived as violation of citizens’ personal freedoms, which opinions and demographic factors have an effect on compliance with the measures, and what governments can do to most effectively improve citizens’ compliance. The survey was disseminated in 11 countries: UK, Belgium, Netherlands, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, India, Latvia, Poland, Romania, and Sweden. We acquired 9543 unique responses. Our findings show significant differences across countries in perceived effectiveness, restrictiveness, and compliance. Governments that suffer low levels of trust should put more effort into persuading citizens, especially men, in the effectiveness of the proposed measures. They should provide financial compensation to citizens who have lost their job or income due to the containment measures to improve measure compliance. Policymakers should implement the least restrictive and most effective public health measures first during pandemic emergencies instead of implementing a combination of many restrictive measures, which has the opposite effect on citizens’ adherence and undermines human rights.

Suggested Citation

  • Irina Georgieva & Tella Lantta & Jakub Lickiewicz & Jaroslav Pekara & Sofia Wikman & Marina Loseviča & Bevinahalli Nanjegowda Raveesh & Adriana Mihai & Peter Lepping, 2021. "Perceived Effectiveness, Restrictiveness, and Compliance with Containment Measures against the Covid-19 Pandemic: An International Comparative Study in 11 Countries," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:7:p:3806-:d:530671
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    2. Alessandro Gennaro & Matteo Reho & Tiziana Marinaci & Barbara Cordella & Marco Castiglioni & Cristina Liviana Caldiroli & Claudia Venuleo, 2023. "Social Environment and Attitudes toward COVID-19 Anti-Contagious Measures: An Explorative Study from Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-15, February.
    3. Jiaji Pan & Ruilin Fan & Hanlu Zhang & Yi Gao & Zhiquan Shu & Zhongxiang Chen, 2022. "Investigating the Effectiveness of Government Public Health Systems against COVID-19 by Hybrid MCDM Approaches," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(15), pages 1-20, July.
    4. Szymon Florek & Magdalena Piegza & Paweł Dębski & Piotr Gorczyca & Robert Pudlo, 2022. "The Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on Symptoms of Anxiety, the Level of Aggression and Alcohol Consumption in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic among Polish Respondents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-12, June.
    5. Mohammad Khatib & Ivonne Mansbach-Kleinfeld & Doaa Zaid & Anneke Ifrah & Malik Yousef & Ahmad Sheikh Muhammad, 2023. "Compliance with COVID-19 Regulations among Palestinian Citizens of Israel in the Context of Social Norms and Gender Roles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-21, July.
    6. Oriane Sarrasin & Cinzia Zanetti & Ocyna Rudmann & Robert A. T. Avery & Aurélien Graton, 2023. "‘I Do It for Others’! Prosocial Reasons for Complying with Anti-COVID Measures and Pro-Environmental Behaviours: The Mediating Role of the Psychological Distance of Climate Change," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-18, September.
    7. Tuchen, Stefan & Nazemi, Mohsen & Ghelfi-Waechter, Signe Maria & Kim, Euiyoung & Hofer, Franziska & Chen, Ching-Fu & Arora, Mohit & Santema, Sicco & Blessing, Lucienne, 2023. "Experiences from the international frontlines: An exploration of the perceptions of airport employees during the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    8. Mikko Leino & Katariina Kulha & Maija Setälä & Juha Ylisalo, 2022. "Expert hearings in mini-publics: How does the field of expertise influence deliberation and its outcomes?," Policy Sciences, Springer;Society of Policy Sciences, vol. 55(3), pages 429-450, September.

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