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The Incidence of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Their Clinical Forms, and Microbiological Agents in Intensive Care Units in Southern Poland in a Multicentre Study from 2016 to 2019

Author

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  • Elżbieta Rafa

    (State Higher Vocational School in Nowy Sącz, 33-300 Kraków, Poland)

  • Marta Z. Wałaszek

    (State Higher Vocational School in Tarnów, St. Luke Provincial Hospital in Tarnów, 33-100 Tarnów, Poland)

  • Michał J. Wałaszek

    (Polish Society of Hospital Infections, 31-121 Kraków, Poland)

  • Adam Domański

    (Department of Distributed Systems and IT Equipment, Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Automatic Control, The Silesian Technical University, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland)

  • Anna Różańska

    (Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta str. 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland)

Abstract

Introduction. Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a serious problem of modern medicine. Patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) develop HAI significantly more often than patients in other hospital units. Materials and Methods. Analysis involved HAIs from three ICUs in southern Poland. The study was conducted in 2016–2019 on the basis of methodology recommended by the Healthcare-Associated Infections Surveillance Network (HAI-Net) and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). The objective was to analyse HAIs, their clinical forms, and microbiological agents. Results. The study included 3028 patients hospitalized for 26,558 person-days (pds) in ICU. A total of 540 HAIs were detected; incidence per 100 hospitalizations was 17.8%, incidence density per 1000 pds was 20.3. The mortality of patients with HAI was 16%, and in Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), the mortality was 28%. The most common clinical form of HAI was bloodstream infection (BSI): 209 cases (incidence rate 6.9%), followed by pneumonia (PN): 131 (incidence rate 4.3%), and urinary tract infection (UTI): 110 cases (incidence rate 3.6%). The most frequently isolated bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae 16.4%, Acinetobacter baumannii 14.4%, Staphylococcus aureus 11.8%, and Escherichia coli 11.4%. Conclusions. A two-fold higher incidence rate of BSI was detected compared to the average incidence in European countries. BSI of unknown source (BSI-UNK) was predominant. K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii bacteria were the most often isolated microorganisms causing HAI. Infection control based on incidence rate for each type of infection is necessary in ICU to assess the epidemiological situation.

Suggested Citation

  • Elżbieta Rafa & Marta Z. Wałaszek & Michał J. Wałaszek & Adam Domański & Anna Różańska, 2021. "The Incidence of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Their Clinical Forms, and Microbiological Agents in Intensive Care Units in Southern Poland in a Multicentre Study from 2016 to 2019," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(5), pages 1-12, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:5:p:2238-:d:505071
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Martina Barchitta & Annalisa Quattrocchi & Andrea Maugeri & Maria Clara La Rosa & Claudia La Mastra & Laura Sessa & Pasquale Cananzi & Giuseppe Murolo & Alessandro Oteri & Guido Basile & Antonella Ago, 2019. "Antibiotic Consumption and Resistance during a 3-Year Period in Sicily, Southern Italy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-10, June.
    2. Małgorzata Kołpa & Marta Wałaszek & Agnieszka Gniadek & Zdzisław Wolak & Wiesław Dobroś, 2018. "Incidence, Microbiological Profile and Risk Factors of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Intensive Care Units: A 10 Year Observation in a Provincial Hospital in Southern Poland," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-16, January.
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    1. Elżbieta Rafa & Małgorzata Kołpa & Marta Zofia Wałaszek & Adam Domański & Michał Jan Wałaszek & Anna Różańska & Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach, 2022. "Healthcare-Acquired Infection Surveillance in Neurosurgery Patients, Incidence and Microbiology, Five Years of Experience in Two Polish Units," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-10, June.

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