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Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Consumption of Coastal Ecosystem Enhancement Programme through Sustainable Artificial Reefs in Galicia

Author

Listed:
  • Luis Carral

    (Escola Politécnica Superior, Universidade da Coruña, 15403 Ferrol, Spain)

  • Juan José Cartelle Barros

    (Escola Politécnica Superior, Universidade da Coruña, 15403 Ferrol, Spain)

  • Humberto Carro Fidalgo

    (Escola Técnica Superior de Enxeñaría de Camiños, Canais e Portos, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain)

  • Carolina Camba Fabal

    (Escola Politécnica Superior, Universidade da Coruña, 15403 Ferrol, Spain)

  • Alicia Munín Doce

    (Escola Politécnica Superior, Universidade da Coruña, 15403 Ferrol, Spain)

Abstract

The principle of sustainability should condition a project in which artificial reefs are being installed to protect biodiversity as well as enhance costal ecosystems. In particular, this principle should be taken into account in the logistical processes related to manufacture and transport. This study assesses the global warming potential ( GWP ) and cumulative energy demand ( CED ) of developing a coastal ecosystem enhancement programme in the estuary region of Galicia, north-western Spain. The focus is on the processes involved in creating green artificial reefs (GARs): manufacture, transport and installation. The starting point is the supply chain for the green artificial reef ( GAR ) units; greenhouse gas emissions ( GHG ) and energy needs for each phase are analysed. Various scenarios are considered to determine which options are indeed available when it comes to establishing the supply chain. Different types of energy supplies, different options for the location of production centres, as well as different means of transport were studied. Results reveal the critical phases for selecting how the GAR units must be produced, transported by road and sea and then installed in their permanent location.

Suggested Citation

  • Luis Carral & Juan José Cartelle Barros & Humberto Carro Fidalgo & Carolina Camba Fabal & Alicia Munín Doce, 2021. "Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Consumption of Coastal Ecosystem Enhancement Programme through Sustainable Artificial Reefs in Galicia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1909-:d:500350
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Cartelle Barros, Juan José & Lara Coira, Manuel & de la Cruz López, María Pilar & del Caño Gochi, Alfredo & Soares, Isabel, 2020. "Probabilistic multicriteria environmental assessment of power plants: A global approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    2. Luis Carral & Carolina Camba Fabal & Mª Isabel Lamas Galdo & Mª Jesús Rodríguez-Guerreiro & Juan José Cartelle Barros, 2020. "Assessment of the Materials Employed in Green Artificial Reefs for the Galician Estuaries in Terms of Circular Economy," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-24, November.
    3. Raugei, Marco & Leccisi, Enrica, 2016. "A comprehensive assessment of the energy performance of the full range of electricity generation technologies deployed in the United Kingdom," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 46-59.
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