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Mechanisms and Empirical Modeling of Evaporation from Hardened Surfaces in Urban Areas

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  • Jinjun Zhou

    (Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
    State Key Lab of Hydro-Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Jiahong Liu

    (Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
    China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing 100038, China)

  • Qi Chu

    (Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

  • Hao Wang

    (Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

  • Weiwei Shao

    (China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing 100038, China)

  • Zhuoran Luo

    (Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

  • Yongxiang Zhang

    (Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

Abstract

Urban evaporation, as an essential part of local water vapor resources in urban areas, has often been underestimated. One possible reason is that the evaporation of urban hardened surfaces is seldom considered and poorly understood in urban evaporation estimation. This study focused on the mechanisms and calculation of evaporation on hardened surfaces in urban areas. Experimental monitoring was used to monitor the processes and characteristics of evaporation on hardened surfaces. Mathematical models based on water quantity constraints were built to calculate evaporation of hardened surfaces. The results showed that: The interception abilities for rainwater and rainfall days of impervious hardened surfaces determine their evaporated water amount, which means no water, no evaporation for the impervious surfaces. The greater evaporation of artificial sprinkling on roads happened in fewer days of rainfall and frost. The evaporation of pervious hardened ground is continuous compared to the impervious surface. Its soil moisture in the sub-layer of permeable concrete decreases periodically with a period of one day. The evaporation of hardened surfaces occupies 16–29% of the total amount of evaporation in the built-up areas in cities. Therefore, the hardened surface evaporation has great significance on the urban hydrological cycle and urban water balance.

Suggested Citation

  • Jinjun Zhou & Jiahong Liu & Qi Chu & Hao Wang & Weiwei Shao & Zhuoran Luo & Yongxiang Zhang, 2021. "Mechanisms and Empirical Modeling of Evaporation from Hardened Surfaces in Urban Areas," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-13, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:4:p:1790-:d:498252
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Chuang Liu & Jiahong Liu & Weiwei Shao & Jiahui Lu & Han Gao, 2022. "The Considerable Water Evaporation Induced by Human Perspiration and Respiration in Megacities: Quantifying Method and Case Study in Beijing," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(14), pages 1-15, July.

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