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Seasonality of Back Pain in Italy: An Infodemiology Study

Author

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  • Jacopo Ciaffi

    (Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy)

  • Riccardo Meliconi

    (Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
    Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy)

  • Maria Paola Landini

    (Scientific Direction, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy)

  • Luana Mancarella

    (Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy)

  • Veronica Brusi

    (Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy)

  • Cesare Faldini

    (Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
    1st Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy)

  • Francesco Ursini

    (Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
    Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy)

Abstract

Background: E-health tools have been used to assess the temporal variations of different health problems. The aim of our infodemiology study was to investigate the seasonal pattern of search volumes for back pain in Italy. Methods: In Italian, back pain is indicated by the medical word “lombalgia”. Using Google Trends, we selected the three search terms related to “lombalgia” with higher relative search volumes (RSV), (namely, “mal di schiena”, “dolore alla schiena” and “dolore lombare”), representing the semantic preferences of users when performing web queries for back pain in Italy. Wikipedia page view statistics were used to identify the number of visits to the page “lombalgia”. Strength and direction of secular trends were assessed using the Mann–Kendall test. Cosinor analysis was used to evaluate the potential seasonality of back pain-related RSV. Results: We found a significant upward secular trend from 2005 to 2020 for search terms “mal di schiena” (τ = 0.734, p < 0.0001), “dolore alla schiena” (τ = 0.713, p < 0.0001) and “dolore lombare” (τ = 0.628, p < 0.0001). Cosinor analysis on Google Trends RSV showed a significant seasonality for the terms “mal di schiena” ( p cos < 0.001), “dolore alla schiena” ( p cos < 0.0001), “dolore lombare” ( p cos < 0.0001) and “lombalgia” ( p cos = 0.017). Cosinor analysis performed on views for the page “lombalgia” in Wikipedia confirmed a significant seasonality ( p cos < 0.0001). Both analyses demonstrated a peak of interest in winter months and decrease in spring/summer. Conclusions: Our infodemiology approach revealed significant seasonal fluctuations in search queries for back pain in Italy, with peaking volumes during the coldest months of the year.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacopo Ciaffi & Riccardo Meliconi & Maria Paola Landini & Luana Mancarella & Veronica Brusi & Cesare Faldini & Francesco Ursini, 2021. "Seasonality of Back Pain in Italy: An Infodemiology Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-10, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:1325-:d:491324
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Artur Strzelecki, 2020. "Google Medical Update: Why Is the Search Engine Decreasing Visibility of Health and Medical Information Websites?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-13, February.
    2. Ruben L Bach & Alexander Wenz, 2020. "Studying health-related internet and mobile device use using web logs and smartphone records," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(6), pages 1-20, June.
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