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Burnout, Psychological Capital and Health during COVID-19 Social Isolation: A Longitudinal Analysis

Author

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  • Mariano Meseguer de Pedro

    (Psychiatry and Social Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain)

  • María Magdalena Fernández-Valera

    (Psychiatry and Social Psychology Department, Faculty of Labor Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain)

  • Mariano García-Izquierdo

    (Psychiatry and Social Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain)

  • María Isabel Soler Sánchez

    (Psychiatry and Social Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain)

Abstract

Background: Drawing on the impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic and its sanitary measures on coping strategies for preserving health, it is also necessary to add exposure to certain work stressors, such as burnout. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the confinement situation caused by COVID-19 on the levels of self-perceived health and psychological capital in a sample of workers, as well as to analyze whether exposure to burnout before social isolation would help to explain the levels of health and psychological capital. Methods: Data were collected in a longitudinal design. Time 1 surveys (December 2019) were sent to a sample of 354 Spanish workers while in Time 2 (April 2020) the employees completed 235 questionnaires. Results: Our findings indicate a significant worsening of employees’ health perception (t = −4.13; p < 0.01) and psychological capital (4.10, p < 0.01) levels during mandatory confinement in Spain. Our results also revealed that emotional exhaustion is the only burnout dimension capable of explaining the variance of health while self-efficacy does regarding psychological capital. Conclusion: We conclude a significant reduction in self-perceived health and psychological capital during COVID-19 mandatory confinement, and that burnout acts as a predictor variable in both health and psychological capital variance.

Suggested Citation

  • Mariano Meseguer de Pedro & María Magdalena Fernández-Valera & Mariano García-Izquierdo & María Isabel Soler Sánchez, 2021. "Burnout, Psychological Capital and Health during COVID-19 Social Isolation: A Longitudinal Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-11, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:3:p:1064-:d:486841
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Delia Vîrgă & Elena-Loreni Baciu & Theofild-Andrei Lazăr & Daria Lupșa, 2020. "Psychological Capital Protects Social Workers from Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-16, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Paula Rodríguez-Fernández & Josefa González-Santos & Mirian Santamaría-Peláez & Raúl Soto-Cámara & Jerónimo J. González-Bernal, 2021. "Exploring the Occupational Balance of Young Adults during Social Distancing Measures in the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-9, May.
    2. Junlong Li & Changping Huang & Yili Yang & Jie Liu & Xiaojun Lin & Jay Pan, 2023. "How nursing students’ risk perception affected their professional commitment during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating effects of negative emotions and moderating effects of psychological capital," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-9, December.
    3. Anna Kariou & Panagiota Koutsimani & Anthony Montgomery & Olga Lainidi, 2021. "Emotional Labor and Burnout among Teachers: A Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-15, December.

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