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Field Trial of an Automated Batch Chlorinator System at Two Shared Shallow Tubewells among Camps for Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh

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  • Nuhu Amin

    (Environmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
    Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St., Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia)

  • Mahbubur Rahman

    (Environmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh)

  • Mahbub-Ul Alam

    (Environmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh)

  • Abul Kasham Shoab

    (Environmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh)

  • Md. Kawsar Alome

    (Action Against Hunger, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh)

  • Maksudul Amin

    (Action Against Hunger, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh)

  • Tarique Md. Nurul Huda

    (Environmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh)

  • Leanne Unicomb

    (Environmental Interventions Unit, Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, 68, Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh)

Abstract

Chlorination of shallow tubewell water is challenging due to various iron concentrations. A mixed-method, small-scale before-and-after field trial assessed the accuracy and consistency of an automated chlorinator, Zimba, in Rohingya camp housing, Cox’s Bazar. From August–September 2018, two shallow tubewells (iron concentration = 6.5 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L) were selected and 20 households were randomly enrolled to participate in household surveys and water testing. The field-team tested pre-and post-treated tubewell and household stored water for iron, free and total chlorine, and E. coli. A sub-set of households ( n = 10) also received safe storage containers (5 L jerry cans). Overall mean iron concentrations were 5.8 mg/L in Zimba water, 1.9 mg/L in household storage containers, and 2.8 mg/L in the project-provided safe storage containers. At baseline, 0% samples at source and 60% samples stored in household vessels were contaminated with E. coli (mean log 10 = 0.62 MPN/100 mL). After treatment, all water samples collected from source and project-provided safe storage containers were free from E. coli , but 41% of post-treated water stored in the household was contaminated with E. coli . E. coli concentrations were significantly lower in the project-provided safe storage containers (log 10 mean difference = 0.92 MPN, 95% CI = 0.59–1.14) compared with baseline and post-treated water stored in household vessels (difference = 0.57 MPN, 95% CI = 0.32–0.83). Zimba is a potential water treatment technology for groundwater extracted through tubewells with different iron concentrations in humanitarian settings.

Suggested Citation

  • Nuhu Amin & Mahbubur Rahman & Mahbub-Ul Alam & Abul Kasham Shoab & Md. Kawsar Alome & Maksudul Amin & Tarique Md. Nurul Huda & Leanne Unicomb, 2021. "Field Trial of an Automated Batch Chlorinator System at Two Shared Shallow Tubewells among Camps for Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals (FDMN) in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-19, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:24:p:12917-:d:697247
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael Kremer & Jessica Leino & Edward Miguel & Alix Peterson Zwane, 2011. "Spring Cleaning: Rural Water Impacts, Valuation, and Property Rights Institutions," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 126(1), pages 145-205.
    2. Mehereen Akhter & Sayed Mohammad Nazim Uddin & Nazifa Rafa & Sanjida Marium Hridi & Chad Staddon & Wayne Powell, 2020. "Drinking Water Security Challenges in Rohingya Refugee Camps of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-26, September.
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