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Implementing the Federal Smoke-Free Public Housing Policy in New York City: Understanding Challenges and Opportunities for Improving Policy Impact

Author

Listed:
  • Nan Jiang

    (Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • Emily Gill

    (Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • Lorna E. Thorpe

    (Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • Erin S. Rogers

    (Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • Cora de Leon

    (Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA)

  • Elle Anastasiou

    (Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • Sue A. Kaplan

    (Department of Population Health, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA)

  • Donna Shelley

    (School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA)

Abstract

In 2018, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development required public housing authorities to implement a smoke-free housing (SFH) policy that included individual apartments. We analyzed the policy implementation process in the New York City Public Housing Authority (NYCHA). From June–November 2019, we conducted 9 focus groups with 64 NYCHA residents (smokers and nonsmokers), 8 key informant interviews with NYCHA staff and resident association leaders, and repeated surveys with a cohort of 130 nonsmoking households pre- and 12-month post policy. One year post policy implementation, participants reported widespread smoking violations and multi-level factors impeding policy implementation. These included the shared belief among residents and staff that the policy overreached by “telling people what to do in their own apartments”. This hindered compliance and enforcement efforts. Inconsistent enforcement of illegal marijuana use, staff smoking violations, and a lack of accountability for other pressing housing issues created the perception that smokers were being unfairly targeted, as did the lack of smoking cessation resources. Resident support for the policy remained unchanged but satisfaction with enforcement declined (60.1% vs. 48.8%, p = 0.047). We identified multilevel contextual factors that are influencing SFH policy implementation. Findings can inform the design of strategies to optimize policy implementation.

Suggested Citation

  • Nan Jiang & Emily Gill & Lorna E. Thorpe & Erin S. Rogers & Cora de Leon & Elle Anastasiou & Sue A. Kaplan & Donna Shelley, 2021. "Implementing the Federal Smoke-Free Public Housing Policy in New York City: Understanding Challenges and Opportunities for Improving Policy Impact," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-13, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:23:p:12565-:d:690554
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Nan Jiang & Lorna Thorpe & Sue Kaplan & Donna Shelley, 2018. "Perceptions about the Federally Mandated Smoke-Free Housing Policy among Residents Living in Public Housing in New York City," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-8, September.
    2. Douglas E Levy & Gary Adamkiewicz & Nancy A Rigotti & Shona C Fang & Jonathan P Winickoff, 2015. "Changes in Tobacco Smoke Exposure following the Institution of a Smoke-Free Policy in the Boston Housing Authority," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(9), pages 1-11, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ellen Childs & Alan C. Geller & Daniel R. Brooks & Jessica Davine & John Kane & Robyn Keske & Jodi Anthony & Vaughan W. Rees, 2022. "Assessing Smoke-Free Housing Implementation Approaches to Inform Best Practices: A National Survey of Early-Adopting Public Housing Authorities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-15, March.
    2. Boram Lee & Vicki Fung & David Cheng & Jonathan P. Winickoff & Nancy A. Rigotti & Radhika Shah & Claire McGlave & Sydney Goldberg & Glory Song & Jacqueline Doane & Melody Kingsley & Patricia Henley & , 2022. "Implementation Activities in Smoke-Free Public Housing: The Massachusetts Experience," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Craig T. Dearfield & Margaret Ulfers & Kimberly Horn & Debra H. Bernat, 2024. "Resident Support for the Federally Mandated Smoke-Free Rule in Public Housing: 2018–2022," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(1), pages 1-8, January.

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