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Lifestyle Modification Program on a Metabolically Healthy Elderly Population with Overweight/Obesity, Young-Old vs. Old-Old. CONSEQUENCES of COVID-19 Lockdown in This Program

Author

Listed:
  • Lidia Cobos-Palacios

    (Internal Medicine Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Málaga, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Mónica Muñoz-Úbeda

    (Internal Medicine Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Málaga, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Maria Isabel Ruiz-Moreno

    (Internal Medicine Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Málaga, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain)

  • Alberto Vilches-Perez

    (Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain)

  • Antonio Vargas-Candela

    (Internal Medicine Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Málaga, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain)

  • Javier Benítez-Porres

    (Physical Education and Sport Area, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain)

  • Ana Navarro-Sanz

    (Sports Area, Sport Medicine, Málaga City Hall, 29006 Málaga, Spain)

  • Maria Dolores Lopez-Carmona

    (Internal Medicine Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Málaga, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain)

  • Luis Miguel Pérez-Belmonte

    (Internal Medicine Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Málaga, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain)

  • Jaime Sanz-Canovas

    (Internal Medicine Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Málaga, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain)

  • Ricardo Gomez-Huelgas

    (Internal Medicine Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Málaga, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
    Sports Area, Sport Medicine, Málaga City Hall, 29006 Málaga, Spain)

  • Maria Rosa Bernal-Lopez

    (Internal Medicine Department, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Regional University Hospital of Málaga, University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
    Sports Area, Sport Medicine, Málaga City Hall, 29006 Málaga, Spain)

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to lockdowns, which affected the elderly, a high-risk group. Lockdown may lead to weight gain due to increased food intake and reduced physical activity (PA). Our study aimed to analyze the impact of a 12-month lifestyle intervention on a metabolically healthy overweight/obese elderly (MHOe) population and how the lockdown by COVID-19 affected this program. Methods: MHOe participants (65–87 years) were recruited to participate in a lifestyle modification intervention based on the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and regular PA. Participants were classified into two groups: young-old (<75 years) or old-old (≥75 years). Anthropometric and clinical characteristics, energy intake, and energy expenditure were analyzed at baseline and after 12 months of intervention. Results: The final sample included 158 MHOe participants of both sexes (age: 72.21 ± 5.04 years, BMI: 31.56 ± 3.82 kg/m 2 ): 109 young-old (age: 69.26 ± 2.83 years, BMI: 32.0 ± 3.85 kg/m 2 ) and 49 old-old (age: 78.06 ± 2.88 years, BMI: 30.67 ± 3.64 kg/m 2 ). After 12 months of intervention and despite lockdown, the young-old group increased MedDiet adherence (+1 point), but both groups drastically decreased daily PA, especially old-old participants. Fat mass significantly declined in the total population and the young-old. Depression significantly increased (26.9% vs. 21.0%, p < 0.0001), especially in the old-old (36.7% vs. 22.0%, p < 0.0001). No significant changes were found in the glycemic or lipid profile. Conclusions: This study indicates that ongoing MedDiet intake and regular PA can be considered preventative treatment for metabolic diseases in MHOe subjects. However, mental health worsened during the study and should be addressed in elderly individuals.

Suggested Citation

  • Lidia Cobos-Palacios & Mónica Muñoz-Úbeda & Maria Isabel Ruiz-Moreno & Alberto Vilches-Perez & Antonio Vargas-Candela & Javier Benítez-Porres & Ana Navarro-Sanz & Maria Dolores Lopez-Carmona & Luis Mi, 2021. "Lifestyle Modification Program on a Metabolically Healthy Elderly Population with Overweight/Obesity, Young-Old vs. Old-Old. CONSEQUENCES of COVID-19 Lockdown in This Program," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:22:p:11926-:d:678409
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Laura M. Pérez & Carmina Castellano-Tejedor & Matteo Cesari & Luis Soto-Bagaria & Joan Ars & Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi & Sonia Baró & Francisco Díaz-Gallego & Jordi Vilaró & María B. Enfedaque & Paula, 2021. "Depressive Symptoms, Fatigue and Social Relationships Influenced Physical Activity in Frail Older Community-Dwellers during the Spanish Lockdown due to the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-13, January.
    2. Simone A. Tomaz & Pete Coffee & Gemma C. Ryde & Bridgitte Swales & Kacey C. Neely & Jenni Connelly & Andrew Kirkland & Louise McCabe & Karen Watchman & Federico Andreis & Jack G. Martin & Ilaria Pina , 2021. "Loneliness, Wellbeing, and Social Activity in Scottish Older Adults Resulting from Social Distancing during the COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-26, April.
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