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Lifestyle Parameters in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and in the General Adult Population—Trends over Five Years: Results of the Austrian National Health Interview Series

Author

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  • Thomas Ernst Dorner

    (Social Insurance Fund for Public Service, Railway and Mining Industries, 1080 Vienna, Austria
    Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, 3454 Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria)

  • Christian Lackinger

    (Social Insurance Fund for Public Service, Railway and Mining Industries, 1080 Vienna, Austria
    Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, 3454 Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria)

  • Sandra Haider

    (Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria)

  • Katharina Viktoria Stein

    (Social Insurance Fund for Public Service, Railway and Mining Industries, 1080 Vienna, Austria
    Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Health Promotion Research, 3454 Sitzenberg-Reidling, Austria)

Abstract

Background: Not smoking, performing >150 min of aerobic physical activity (PA) and muscle strengthening exercises/week, and consuming >5 portions of fruit and vegetables/day are lifestyle recommendations for both the general population and people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: A total of 15,771 and 15,461 persons from the Austrian Health Interview Surveys 2014 and 2019, respectively, including 4.9% and 6.0% of people with DM, were analysed in terms of their smoking, PA, and nutritional behaviours. Logistic regression models were performed for the lifestyle factors, adjusted for socio-demographic and health-related factors. Adjusted interactions between the survey year and DM on the lifestyle factors were computed. Results: The proportions of smokers were 23.9% and 20.2%, of people complying with the PA recommendations were 24.9% and 21.4%, and with fruit and vegetables recommendations were 7.1% and 5.5%, respectively, with significantly lower proportions of smokers and persons complying with the PA recommendations among people with DM. The fully adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for people with DM were 1.09 (0.94–1.26), 1.44 (1.23–1.69), and 0.90 (0.71–1.13) for smoking, not complying with PA recommendations, and not complying with fruit and vegetables recommendations, respectively. The proportion of people complying with PA recommendations decreased to a greater extent ( p < 0.001) in people with DM (16.5% to 8.3%) compared to people without DM (25.3% to 22.3%). Conclusion: Diabetogenic lifestyle behaviours increased in the general Austrian population in recent years, which was especially true for people with DM regarding PA.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Ernst Dorner & Christian Lackinger & Sandra Haider & Katharina Viktoria Stein, 2021. "Lifestyle Parameters in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and in the General Adult Population—Trends over Five Years: Results of the Austrian National Health Interview Series," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-13, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:18:p:9910-:d:639665
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thomas E. Dorner & Gudrun Wolner-Strohmeyer & Christian Katzenbeisser & Christian Lackinger & K. Viktoria Stein, 2020. "Physical Activity as Part of an Intramural Health Promotion Programme for People with and without Chronic Diseases. A New Tool in Health Care Run by a Public Social Health Insurance," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-14, October.
    2. Don Nutbeam, 2009. "Defining and measuring health literacy: what can we learn from literacy studies?," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 54(5), pages 303-305, October.
    3. Thomas Ernst Dorner & Christian Lackinger & Sandra Haider & Igor Grabovac & Katharina Viktoria Stein, 2021. "The Influence of Occupational Categories on Overall and Domain-Specific Physical Activity and the Association with Chronic Diseases. An Analysis Using the Austrian Health Interview Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(4), pages 1-16, February.
    4. Celidoni, Martina & Pieroni, Luca & Salmasi, Luca, 2014. "Side-effects of anti-smoking policies on health behaviors. Evidence from the US," MPRA Paper 58312, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Grainne O’Donoghue & Cliona O’Sullivan & Isabelle Corridan & Jennifer Daly & Ronan Finn & Kathryn Melvin & Casey Peiris, 2021. "Lifestyle Interventions to Improve Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Living in Low-and-Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-16, June.
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