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Time-Series Assessment of Camp-Type Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Sectors with Large Influxes of Miners Using LANDSAT Imagery

Author

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  • Satomi Kimijima

    (Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan)

  • Masayuki Sakakibara

    (Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan
    Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan)

  • Masahiko Nagai

    (Graduate school of Science and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan)

  • Nurfitri Abdul Gafur

    (Bappeda-Litbang Bone Bolango, Suwawa 96113, Indonesia)

Abstract

Mining sites development have had a significant impact on local socioeconomic conditions, the environment, and sustainability. However, the transformation of camp-type artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) sites with large influxes of miners from different regions has not been properly evaluated, owing to the closed nature of the ASGM sector. Here, we use remote sensing imagery and field investigations to assess ASGM sites with large influxes of miners living in mining camps in Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia, in 1995–2020. Built-up areas were identified as indicators of transformation of camp-type ASGM sites, using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, from the time series of images obtained using Google Earth Engine, then correlated with the prevalent gold market price. An 18.6-fold increase in built-up areas in mining camps was observed in 2020 compared with 1995, which correlated with increases in local gold prices. Field investigations showed that miner influx also increased after increases in gold prices. These findings extend our understanding of the rate and scale of development in the closed ASGM sector and the driving factors behind these changes. Our results provide significant insight into the potential rates and levels of socio-environmental pollution at local and community levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Satomi Kimijima & Masayuki Sakakibara & Masahiko Nagai & Nurfitri Abdul Gafur, 2021. "Time-Series Assessment of Camp-Type Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Sectors with Large Influxes of Miners Using LANDSAT Imagery," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:18:p:9441-:d:630599
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mozhgon Rajaee & Samuel Obiri & Allyson Green & Rachel Long & Samuel J. Cobbina & Vincent Nartey & David Buck & Edward Antwi & Niladri Basu, 2015. "Integrated Assessment of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Ghana—Part 2: Natural Sciences Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-41, July.
    2. Satomi Kimijima & Masayuki Sakakibara & Abd. Kadir Mubarak A Amin & Masahiko Nagai & Yayu Indriati Arifin, 2020. "Mechanism of the Rapid Shrinkage of Limboto Lake in Gorontalo, Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-14, November.
    3. Rachel N. Long & Elisha P. Renne & Niladri Basu, 2015. "Understanding the Social Context of the ASGM Sector in Ghana: A Qualitative Description of the Demographic, Health, and Nutritional Characteristics of a Small-Scale Gold Mining Community in Ghana," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-18, October.
    4. Satomi Kimijima & Masahiko Nagai, 2017. "Human Mobility Analysis for Extracting Local Interactions under Rapid Socio-Economic Transformation in Dawei, Myanmar," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(9), pages 1-14, September.
    5. Niladri Basu & Elisha P. Renne & Rachel N. Long, 2015. "An Integrated Assessment Approach to Address Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining in Ghana," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-16, September.
    6. Abel Kinyondo & Chris Huggins, 2021. "Promoting environmental sustainability in the artisanal and small-scale mining sector in Tanzania," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2021-119, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    7. Lauren Wyatt & Ernesto J. Ortiz & Beth Feingold & Axel Berky & Sarah Diringer & Ana Maria Morales & Elvis Rojas Jurado & Heileen Hsu-Kim & William Pan, 2017. "Spatial, Temporal, and Dietary Variables Associated with Elevated Mercury Exposure in Peruvian Riverine Communities Upstream and Downstream of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-23, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chengye Zhang & Huiyu Zheng & Jun Li & Tingting Qin & Junting Guo & Menghao Du, 2022. "A Method for Identifying the Spatial Range of Mining Disturbance Based on Contribution Quantification and Significance Test," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-21, April.
    2. Satomi Kimijima & Masayuki Sakakibara & Masahiko Nagai, 2022. "Characterizing Time-Series Roving Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Activities in Indonesia Using Sentinel-1 Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(10), pages 1-14, May.
    3. Satomi Kimijima & Masayuki Sakakibara & Masahiko Nagai, 2021. "Detection of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Activities and Their Transformation Using Earth Observation, Nighttime Light, and Precipitation Data," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-12, October.

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