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Validation of the Champion Health Belief Model Scale for an Investigation of Breast Cancer Screening Behaviour in Malaysia

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  • Mila Nu Nu Htay

    (Centre of Population Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
    Department of Community Medicine, Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Melaka 75150, Malaysia)

  • Désirée Schliemann

    (Centre for Public Health and UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK)

  • Maznah Dahlui

    (Centre of Population Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
    Department of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia)

  • Christopher R. Cardwell

    (Centre for Public Health and UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK)

  • Siew Yim Loh

    (Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Nor Saleha Binti Ibrahim Tamin

    (Ministry of Health, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia)

  • Saunthari Somasundaram

    (National Cancer Society of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia)

  • Victoria Champion

    (School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA)

  • Michael Donnelly

    (Centre for Public Health and UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK)

  • Tin Tin Su

    (Centre of Population Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
    South East Asia Community Observatory (SEACO), Jeffery Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia)

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women globally, including in Malaysia. There is a need to assess women’s beliefs about BC and screening in different cultural settings. This study aimed to translate and validate an adapted version of the United States (US) Champion Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) for an investigation of predictors of BC screening in Malaysia. The CHBMS was adapted, and forward and backward translated into the Malay language. The validity and reliability of the CHBMS-BC-M (M for Malay language) was investigated in a community sample of 251 multi-ethnic Malay-speaking women. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation indicated that the structure of the adapted CHBMS-BC-M comprised three subscales with 21 items, and an Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) of 0.83 and above for all items. The explanatory factor analysis (EFA) showed acceptable to high factor loadings on items. Cronbach’s alpha for the subscales ranged from 0.59 to 0.87. The reproducibility of the scale was fair to high, with an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.53 to 0.80 for the subscales. Overall, the analysis indicated that the translated CHBMS-BC-M is a valid and reliable scale to measure beliefs about BC and screening in the Malay-speaking ethnic population of Malaysia.

Suggested Citation

  • Mila Nu Nu Htay & Désirée Schliemann & Maznah Dahlui & Christopher R. Cardwell & Siew Yim Loh & Nor Saleha Binti Ibrahim Tamin & Saunthari Somasundaram & Victoria Champion & Michael Donnelly & Tin Tin, 2021. "Validation of the Champion Health Belief Model Scale for an Investigation of Breast Cancer Screening Behaviour in Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-12, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:17:p:9311-:d:628530
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Henry Kaiser, 1974. "An index of factorial simplicity," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 39(1), pages 31-36, March.
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    1. Mila Nu Nu Htay & Maznah Dahlui & Désirée Schliemann & Christopher R. Cardwell & Siew Yim Loh & Nor Saleha Binti Ibrahim Tamin & Saunthari Somasundaram & Michael Donnelly & Tin Tin Su, 2022. "Changing Health Beliefs about Breast Cancer Screening among Women in Multi-Ethnic Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-14, January.

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