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The Executive Skills Questionnaire-Revised: Adaptation and Psychometric Properties in the Working Context of Malaysia

Author

Listed:
  • Hira Nasir

    (Department of Psychology and Counselling, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar 31900, Perak, D. R., Malaysia)

  • Chee-Seng Tan

    (Department of Psychology and Counselling, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar 31900, Perak, D. R., Malaysia)

  • Kai-Shuen Pheh

    (Department of Psychology and Counselling, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar 31900, Perak, D. R., Malaysia)

Abstract

Executive functions (EFs) are a set of high-level cognitive and behavioral monitoring skills that are important to employees’ work performance. The 25-item Executive Skills Questionnaire-Revised (ESQ-R) measures executive dysfunction in five dimensions (e.g., emotional regulation). Nevertheless, the usability of this newly developed scale for employees remains unclear. The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the adopted ESQ-R for working adults in Malaysia. A total of 325 employees responded to an online survey consisted of the ESQ-R, Executive Function Index (EFI), self-rated creativity scale (SRCS), and 9-item Utretch Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) and Employee Well-being Scale. Several CFAs were conducted to compare three competing models. While all models showed a good fit, the 5-factor second-order model that is in line with the theoretical structure is preferable. The ESQ-R showed excellent internal consistency. Moreover, the ESQ-R score was negatively correlated with EFI, creativity, and UWES-9 scores, supporting the convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity. The ESQ-R score also explained incremental variance in well-being above and beyond scores of the UWES-9 and SRCS. Taken together, the ESQ-R is a useful tool for assessing employees’ executive dysfunction and suggesting intervention programs helping employees with deficits in EFs.

Suggested Citation

  • Hira Nasir & Chee-Seng Tan & Kai-Shuen Pheh, 2021. "The Executive Skills Questionnaire-Revised: Adaptation and Psychometric Properties in the Working Context of Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-13, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:17:p:8978-:d:622302
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kacper Łoś & Jacek Chmielewski & Włodzimierz Łuczyński, 2020. "Relationship between Executive Functions, Mindfulness, Stress, and Performance in Pediatric Emergency Simulations," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(6), pages 1-10, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chee-Seng Tan & Hira Nasir & Kai-Shuen Pheh & Chin Wen Cong & Kok-Wai Tay & Jia-Qi Cheong, 2022. "The Mediating Role of Work Engagement in the Relationship between Executive Functioning Deficits and Employee Well-Being," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-11, October.
    2. Chee-Seng Tan & Shue-Ling Chong & Argel Bondoc Masanda & Sanju George, 2021. "Psychometric Qualities Evaluation of the Interdependent Happiness Scale across Malaysia, Philippines, and India," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(1), pages 1-11, December.

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