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FGM and Restorative Justice—A Challenge for Developing Countries and for Refugee Women

Author

Listed:
  • Thomas Wenzel

    (World Psychiatric Association Scientific Section on Psychological Aspects of Persecution and Torture, 1226 Geneva, Switzerland
    CEHRI, The Centre for the Enforcement of Human Rights International, Schwarzspanierstraße 15/1/17, 1090 Vienna, Austria)

  • Jan Ilhan Kizilhan

    (Duale Hochschule Baden-Württemberg, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
    University of Dohuk, AJ Duhok 1006, Iraq)

  • Reem Alksiri

    (World Psychiatric Association Scientific Section on Psychological Aspects of Persecution and Torture, 1226 Geneva, Switzerland
    CEHRI, The Centre for the Enforcement of Human Rights International, Schwarzspanierstraße 15/1/17, 1090 Vienna, Austria)

  • Daniela Dörfler

    (Department Gynaecology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria)

  • Eva Jana Messerschmidt

    (Independent Researcher, 1010 Vienna, Austria)

  • Anthony Fu Chen

    (World Psychiatric Association Scientific Section on Psychological Aspects of Persecution and Torture, 1226 Geneva, Switzerland)

Abstract

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) has been identified as one of the most serious human rights violations women are exposed to in many countries, in spite of national and international efforts. The actual implementation of preventive strategies and support of victims faces a number of challenges that can only be addressed by an interdisciplinary approach integrating public health and legal considerations. FGM in the context of women as refugees who left their country to escape FGM has rarely been covered in this context. This article summarizes the most important international standards and initiatives against FGM, highlights the medical, legal, and psychological factors identified so far, and explores the interdisciplinary considerations in changing a country and society to permit safe return of those escaping FGM to third countries and support public health in the country.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Wenzel & Jan Ilhan Kizilhan & Reem Alksiri & Daniela Dörfler & Eva Jana Messerschmidt & Anthony Fu Chen, 2021. "FGM and Restorative Justice—A Challenge for Developing Countries and for Refugee Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-8, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:17:p:8913-:d:621061
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rutayisire, Théoneste & Richters, Annemiek, 2014. "Everyday suffering outside prison walls: A legacy of community justice in post-genocide Rwanda," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 413-420.
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