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Physicochemical Properties of Indoor and Outdoor Particulate Matter 2.5 in Selected Residential Areas near a Ferromanganese Smelter

Author

Listed:
  • Setlamorago Jackson Mbazima

    (Occupational Health Division, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa)

  • Masilu Daniel Masekameni

    (Occupational Health Division, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa)

  • Gill Nelson

    (Occupational Health Division, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa)

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM) of different sizes and elemental composition is a leading contributor to indoor and outdoor air pollution in residential areas. We sought to investigate similarities between indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 in three residential areas near a ferromanganese smelter in Meyerton to apportion the emission source(s). Indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 samples were collected concurrently, using GilAir300 plus samplers, at a flow rate of 2.75 L/min. PM 2.5 was collected on polycarbonate membrane filters housed in 37 mm cassettes coupled with PM 2.5 cyclones. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy was used to study the morphology, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy was used to analyse the elemental composition of the PM 2.5 . Mean indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 mass concentrations were 10.99 and 24.95 µg/m 3 , respectively. Mean outdoor mass concentration was 2.27-fold higher than the indoor concentration. Indoor samples consisted of irregular and agglomerated particles, ranging from 0.09 to 1.06 µm, whereas outdoor samples consisted of irregular and spherical particles, ranging from 0.10 to 0.70 µm. Indoor and outdoor PM 2.5 were dominated by manganese, silicon, and iron, however, outdoor PM 2.5 had the highest concentration of all elements. The ferromanganese smelter was identified as the potential main contributing source of PM 2.5 of different physicochemical properties.

Suggested Citation

  • Setlamorago Jackson Mbazima & Masilu Daniel Masekameni & Gill Nelson, 2021. "Physicochemical Properties of Indoor and Outdoor Particulate Matter 2.5 in Selected Residential Areas near a Ferromanganese Smelter," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(17), pages 1-18, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:17:p:8900-:d:620596
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Egide Kalisa & Stephen Archer & Edward Nagato & Elias Bizuru & Kevin Lee & Ning Tang & Stephen Pointing & Kazuichi Hayakawa & Donnabella Lacap-Bugler, 2019. "Chemical and Biological Components of Urban Aerosols in Africa: Current Status and Knowledge Gaps," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-21, March.
    2. Laura Ruiz-Azcona & Ignacio Fernández-Olmo & Andrea Expósito & Bohdana Markiv & María Paz-Zulueta & Paula Parás-Bravo & Carmen Sarabia-Cobo & Miguel Santibáñez, 2021. "Impact of Environmental Airborne Manganese Exposure on Cognitive and Motor Functions in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-30, April.
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