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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Sleep Quality, Stress Level and Health-Related Quality of Life—A Large Prospective Cohort Study on Adult Danes

Author

Listed:
  • Maria Didriksen

    (Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Thomas Werge

    (Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
    Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
    The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Janna Nissen

    (Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Michael Schwinn

    (Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Erik Sørensen

    (Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Kaspar R. Nielsen

    (Department of Clinical Immunology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark)

  • Mie T. Bruun

    (Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark)

  • Karina Banasik

    (Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Thomas F. Hansen

    (Danish Headache Center, Glostrup Research Institute, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark)

  • Christian Erikstrup

    (Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark)

  • Sisse R. Ostrowski

    (Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Poul J. Jennum

    (Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Danish Center for Sleep Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
    Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Henrik Hjalgrim

    (Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
    Department of Hematology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Henrik Ullum

    (Department of Clinical Immunology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
    Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark)

  • Ole B. Pedersen

    (Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, 4600 Køge, Denmark)

Abstract

The everyday lives of Danish inhabitants have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, e.g., by social distancing, which was employed by the government in March 2020 to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the pandemic has entailed economic consequences for many people. This study aims to assess changes in physical and mental health-related quality of life (MCS, PCS), in stress levels, and quality of sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify factors that impact such changes, using a prospective national cohort study including 26,453 participants from the Danish Blood Donor Study who answered a health questionnaire before the pandemic and during the pandemic. Descriptive statistics, multivariable linear and multinomial logistic regression analyses were applied. A worsening of MCS and quality of sleep was found, and an overall decrease in stress levels was observed. PCS was decreased in men and slightly increased in women. The extent of health changes was mainly affected by changes in job situation, type of job, previous use of anti-depressive medication and the participants’ level of personal stamina. Thus, living under the unusual circumstances that persisted during the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the health of the general population. This may, in time, constitute a public health problem.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Didriksen & Thomas Werge & Janna Nissen & Michael Schwinn & Erik Sørensen & Kaspar R. Nielsen & Mie T. Bruun & Karina Banasik & Thomas F. Hansen & Christian Erikstrup & Sisse R. Ostrowski & Poul, 2021. "Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Sleep Quality, Stress Level and Health-Related Quality of Life—A Large Prospective Cohort Study on Adult Danes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-14, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:14:p:7610-:d:596115
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Julio Torales & Marcelo O’Higgins & João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia & Antonio Ventriglio, 2020. "The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 66(4), pages 317-320, June.
    2. Cristina Mazza & Eleonora Ricci & Silvia Biondi & Marco Colasanti & Stefano Ferracuti & Christian Napoli & Paolo Roma, 2020. "A Nationwide Survey of Psychological Distress among Italian People during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(9), pages 1-14, May.
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