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High Levels of Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) Concentrations from Burning Solid Fuels in Rural Households of Butajira, Ethiopia

Author

Listed:
  • Mulugeta Tamire

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia
    Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Abera Kumie

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia)

  • Adamu Addissie

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia)

  • Mulugeta Ayalew

    (Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia)

  • Johan Boman

    (Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science, University of Gothenburg, 41696 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Susann Skovbjerg

    (Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
    Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, 41346 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Rune Andersson

    (Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
    Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, 41346 Gothenburg, Sweden)

  • Mona Lärstad

    (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
    Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden)

Abstract

The use of solid fuel, known to emit pollutants which cause damage to human health, is the primary energy option in Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study was to measure the level of household air pollution by using the 24-h mean concentration of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) in 150 randomly recruited households in rural Butajira, Ethiopia. Data relating to household and cooking practices were obtained by conducting face-to-face interviews with the mothers. The 24-h mean (standard deviation) and median PM 2.5 concentrations were 410 (220) and 340 µg/m 3 , respectively. Households using only traditional stoves and those who did not open the door or a window during cooking had a significantly higher mean concentration compared with their counterparts. There is a statistically significant correlation between the mean concentration of PM 2.5 and the self-reported cooking duration. The pollution level was up to 16 times higher than the WHO 24-h guideline limit of 25 μg/m 3, thus leaving the mothers and children who spend the most time at the domestic hearth at risk of the adverse health effects from solid fuel use in Ethiopia. Thus, effective short- and long-term interventions are urgently needed.

Suggested Citation

  • Mulugeta Tamire & Abera Kumie & Adamu Addissie & Mulugeta Ayalew & Johan Boman & Susann Skovbjerg & Rune Andersson & Mona Lärstad, 2021. "High Levels of Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) Concentrations from Burning Solid Fuels in Rural Households of Butajira, Ethiopia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(13), pages 1-11, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:13:p:6942-:d:584259
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chindo Sulaiman & A.S. Abdul-Rahim, 2020. "The Impact of Wood Fuel Energy on Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: Dynamic Macro-Panel Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-14, April.
    2. Badamassi Aboubacar & Xu Deyi & Mahaman Yacoubou Abdoul Razak & Boubacar Hamidou Leyla, 2018. "The Effect of PM 2.5 from Household Combustion on Life Expectancy in Sub-Saharan Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-13, April.
    3. Mulugeta Tamire & Adamu Addissie & Susann Skovbjerg & Rune Andersson & Mona Lärstad, 2018. "Socio-Cultural Reasons and Community Perceptions Regarding Indoor Cooking Using Biomass Fuel and Traditional Stoves in Rural Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-15, September.
    4. Mulugeta Tamire & Adamu Addissie & Abera Kumie & Emma Husmark & Susann Skovbjerg & Rune Andersson & Mona Lärstad, 2019. "Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function among Ethiopian Women in Relation to Household Fuel Use," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-14, December.
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