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Mental Health among Spanish Adults with Diabetes: Findings from a Population-Based Case–Controlled Study

Author

Listed:
  • Marta Lopez-Herranz

    (Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Rodrigo Jiménez-García

    (Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Zichen Ji

    (Respiratory Care Department, Health Research Institute of the Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Complutense University of Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain)

  • Javier de Miguel-Diez

    (Respiratory Care Department, Health Research Institute of the Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Complutense University of Madrid, 28007 Madrid, Spain)

  • David Carabantes-Alarcon

    (Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Clara Maestre-Miquel

    (School of Health Sciences, University of Castilla–La Mancha, 45600 Talavera de la Reina, Spain)

  • José J. Zamorano-León

    (Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Ana López-de-Andrés

    (Department of Public Health & Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the prevalence of self-reported mental disorders, psychological distress, and psychotropic drug consumption among people with diabetes mellitus (DM) and matched non-DM controls. Methods: A case–controlled study using data from the Spanish National Health Interview Survey was conducted in 2017. We identified 2116 DM adults (aged ≥35 years). Non-DM controls were matched 1:1 by age, sex, and province of residence. Results: Prevalence of mental disorders (25.0% vs. 19.2%; p < 0.001), psychological distress (29% vs. 19.5%; p < 0.001), and consumption of psychiatric medications (29.7% vs. 23.5%; p < 0.001) among DM cases were higher than those among matched non-DM controls. The DM patient variables associated with experiencing a mental disorder, psychological distress, and consumption of psychiatric medications were: being a woman, worse self-rated health, and a visit to a psychologist within the last year. Older age (≥80 years) was associated with a lower probability of reporting mental disorders and psychological distress among DM cases. Not practicing physical exercise was significantly associated with experiencing psychological distress. Conclusions: Adults with DM included in our investigation have a significantly higher prevalence of mental disorders, psychological distress, and consumption of psychiatric medications than non-DM controls. It is necessary to implement screening strategies and psychological interventions to improve the mental health of DM patients in Spain, focusing especially on women and those aged 35 to 59 years.

Suggested Citation

  • Marta Lopez-Herranz & Rodrigo Jiménez-García & Zichen Ji & Javier de Miguel-Diez & David Carabantes-Alarcon & Clara Maestre-Miquel & José J. Zamorano-León & Ana López-de-Andrés, 2021. "Mental Health among Spanish Adults with Diabetes: Findings from a Population-Based Case–Controlled Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-15, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:6088-:d:569220
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Elena Gómez-Pimienta & Thelma Beatriz González-Castro & Ana Fresan & Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop & Miriam Carolina Martínez-López & Hugo Adrián Barjau-Madrigal & Iris Rubí Ramírez-González & Esteban Mar, 2019. "Decreased Quality of Life in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Emotional Distress," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-9, July.
    2. Pilar Carrasco-Garrido & Valentín Hernández-Barrera & Isabel Jiménez-Trujillo & Jesús Esteban-Hernández & Alejandro Álvaro-Meca & Ana López-de Andrés & José Luis DelBarrio-Fernández & Rodrigo Jiménez-, 2016. "Time Trend in Psychotropic Medication Use in Spain: A Nationwide Population-Based Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-10, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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