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Adverse Health Effects in Women Farmers Indirectly Exposed to Pesticides

Author

Listed:
  • Jose Martin-Reina

    (Department of Nutrition, Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
    The authors wish to acknowledge that Jose Martin-Reina and Alfredo G. Casanova contributed as co-first authors to this paper.)

  • Alfredo G. Casanova

    (Toxicology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
    The authors wish to acknowledge that Jose Martin-Reina and Alfredo G. Casanova contributed as co-first authors to this paper.)

  • Bouchra Dahiri

    (Department of Nutrition, Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Isaías Fernández

    (Estepa Clinical Management Unit, Andalusian Health Service, C/Médico Antonio Vilches s/n, 41560 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Ana Fernández-Palacín

    (Area of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Avda. Dr. Fedriani, s/n, 41009 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Juan Bautista

    (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain)

  • Ana I. Morales

    (Toxicology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain)

  • Isabel Moreno

    (Department of Nutrition, Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain)

Abstract

Farmers are among the most vulnerable populations because of the exposure to low levels of pesticides. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities are considered as biomarkers of pesticides poisoning. However, biomarkers of oxidative stress are also playing an important role in toxicity of these contaminants. Further, increased activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea and creatinine have been linked with hepatic and nephrotoxic cell damage, respectively. The aim of this study was to ascertain if the indirect exposure to pesticides leads to some biochemical parameter changes. Thus, cholinesterase activities, oxidative stress status (lipid and protein oxidation), hepatic function (AST and ALT levels), hormonal function (TSH, T4, FSH, LH and AMH), renal function (serum creatinine and urea), as well as possible subclinical kidney damage (urinary proteins and biomarkers of early kidney damage) were evaluated in farmer women who collect fruits and vegetables comparing with a group of women non-occupational exposed to pesticides but living in the same rural environment. Samples were taken periodically along one year to relate the observed effects to a chronic exposure. Our main results showed for the first time a subclinical kidney damage in a rural setting with indirect chronic exposure to pesticides.

Suggested Citation

  • Jose Martin-Reina & Alfredo G. Casanova & Bouchra Dahiri & Isaías Fernández & Ana Fernández-Palacín & Juan Bautista & Ana I. Morales & Isabel Moreno, 2021. "Adverse Health Effects in Women Farmers Indirectly Exposed to Pesticides," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-17, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:5909-:d:566353
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sarath Gunatilake & Stephanie Seneff & Laura Orlando, 2019. "Glyphosate’s Synergistic Toxicity in Combination with Other Factors as a Cause of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Origin," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-26, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bouchra Dahiri & José Martín-Reina & Pilar Carbonero-Aguilar & José Raúl Aguilera-Velázquez & Juan Bautista & Isabel Moreno, 2021. "Impact of Pesticide Exposure among Rural and Urban Female Population. An Overview," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(18), pages 1-17, September.

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