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The Influence of Anthropometric Indices and Intermediary Determinants of Hypertension in Bangladesh

Author

Listed:
  • Sally Sonia Simmons

    (Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton St, London WC2A 2AE, UK
    Institute of Demography, National Research University-Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia)

  • John Elvis Hagan Jr.

    (Department of Health, Physical Education & Recreation, College of Education Studies, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast PMB TF0494, Ghana
    Neurocognition and Action Research Group- Biomechanics, Faculty of Psychology & Sport Sciences/CITEC, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany)

  • Thomas Schack

    (Neurocognition and Action Research Group- Biomechanics, Faculty of Psychology & Sport Sciences/CITEC, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany)

Abstract

Hypertension is a major public health burden in Bangladesh. However, studies considering the underlying multifaceted risk factors of this health condition are sparse. The present study concurrently examines anthropometric parameters and intermediary factors influencing hypertension risk in Bangladesh. Using the 2018 World Health Organisation (WHO) STEPwise approach to non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) study conducted in Bangladesh and involving 8019 nationally representative adult respondents, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between anthropometrics, other intermediary factors and hypertension. The regression results were presented using the odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The risk of hypertension was higher among females and males who were 40 years and older. However, among females, those who were age 60 years and older were more than twice and thrice more likely to be hypertensive compared to those in the younger age groups (18–39, 40–59). Females who were obese (body mass index [BMI], waist to hip ratio [WHR], waist to height ratio [WHtR]) or had high waist circumference [WC] were twice as likely to be hypertensive. Males and females who were physically active, consuming more fruits and vegetables daily and educated had lower odds of developing hypertension. Key findings suggest that the association between anthropometric indices (body mass index [BMI], waist to hip ratio [WHR], waist to height ratio [WHtR]), waist circumference [WC]), other intermediary determinants (e.g., education, physical activity) and hypertension exist across gender and with increasing age among adults in Bangladesh. Developing appropriate public health interventions (e.g., regular assessment of anthropometric parameters) for early identification of the risk and pattern of hypertension through appropriate screening and diagnosis is required to meet the specific health needs of the adult Bangladesh population.

Suggested Citation

  • Sally Sonia Simmons & John Elvis Hagan Jr. & Thomas Schack, 2021. "The Influence of Anthropometric Indices and Intermediary Determinants of Hypertension in Bangladesh," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-12, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:11:p:5646-:d:561788
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Farjana Islam & Rahanuma Raihanu Kathak & Abu Hasan Sumon & Noyan Hossain Molla, 2020. "Prevalence and associated risk factors of general and abdominal obesity in rural and urban women in Bangladesh," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(5), pages 1-10, May.
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    1. Simmons, Sally Sonia, 2023. "Strikes and gutters: biomarkers and anthropometric measures for predicting diagnosed diabetes mellitus in adults in low- and middle-income countries," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 120395, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.

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