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Musculoskeletal Pain in Gymnasts: A Retrospective Analysis on a Cohort of Professional Athletes

Author

Listed:
  • Giacomo Farì

    (Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Aldo Moro University, Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, Italy)

  • Francesco Fischetti

    (Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Aldo Moro University, Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, Italy)

  • Alessandra Zonno

    (Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Aldo Moro University, Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, Italy)

  • Francesco Marra

    (Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Aldo Moro University, Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, Italy)

  • Alessia Maglie

    (Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Piazza Tancredi 7, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Francesco Paolo Bianchi

    (Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University, Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, Italy)

  • Giuseppe Messina

    (Department of Psychology, University of Palermo, Via delle Scienze, Ed 15, 90128 Palermo, Italy)

  • Maurizio Ranieri

    (Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Aldo Moro University, Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, Italy)

  • Marisa Megna

    (Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Aldo Moro University, Piazza Umberto I, 70121 Bari, Italy)

Abstract

Gymnastics athletes are exposed to a high risk of injury, but also of developing musculoskeletal pain. These data are still little investigated in the available scientific literature. An online survey was distributed to 79 professional athletes who practiced artistic and rhythmic gymnastics. The survey collected demographic and anthropometric data, information about the sport practice, the training sessions, the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain gymnastics-related, and lifestyle habits. Musculoskeletal pain had a high prevalence, involving 65 of 79 athletes (82.3%). A significant correlation was found between musculoskeletal pain and the duration of sports practice, both for general pain ( p = 0.041) and for specific districts: right wrist pain ( p = 0.031), left wrist pain ( p = 0.028), right shoulder ( p = 0.039), left hip ( p = 0.031), right thigh ( p = 0.031), and left knee ( p = 0.005). Another statistical association was found between right wrist pain and BMI ( p = 0.001), and hip pain and BMI ( p = 0.030). Hours spent in a sitting position were also correlated with the incidence of pain ( p = 0.045). Wrist pain and right shoulder pain had a statistically significant association with the age of the athletes (right wrist pain: p = 0.038; left wrist pain: p = 0.004; right shoulder pain: p = 0.035). The more the gymnasts practice this sport, the more likely they are to develop musculoskeletal pain. Increased age and a higher BMI, as well as daily prolonged sitting position, seem to be potential risk factors for the onset of musculoskeletal pain. Future studies could plan training strategies aimed at preventing musculoskeletal pain associated with gymnastics, in order to promote its further spread.

Suggested Citation

  • Giacomo Farì & Francesco Fischetti & Alessandra Zonno & Francesco Marra & Alessia Maglie & Francesco Paolo Bianchi & Giuseppe Messina & Maurizio Ranieri & Marisa Megna, 2021. "Musculoskeletal Pain in Gymnasts: A Retrospective Analysis on a Cohort of Professional Athletes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(10), pages 1-9, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:18:y:2021:i:10:p:5460-:d:558286
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Leonardo Cesanelli & Berta Ylaitė & Giuseppe Messina & Daniele Zangla & Stefania Cataldi & Antonio Palma & Angelo Iovane, 2021. "The Impact of Fluid Loss and Carbohydrate Consumption during Exercise, on Young Cyclists’ Fatigue Perception in Relation to Training Load Level," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-10, March.
    2. Óscar Rodríguez-Nogueira & Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez & José Alberto Benítez-Andrades & María José Álvarez-Álvarez & Pilar Marqués-Sánchez & Arrate Pinto-Carral, 2020. "Musculoskeletal Pain and Teleworking in Times of the COVID-19: Analysis of the Impact on the Workers at Two Spanish Universities," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-12, December.
    3. Stefania Cataldi & Vincenzo Cristian Francavilla & Valerio Bonavolontà & Ornella De Florio & Roberto Carvutto & Michele De Candia & Francesca Latino & Francesco Fischetti, 2021. "Proposal for a Fitness Program in the School Setting during the COVID 19 Pandemic: Effects of an 8-Week CrossFit Program on Psychophysical Well-Being in Healthy Adolescents," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-12, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Giacomo Farì & Marisa Megna & Maurizio Ranieri & Francesco Agostini & Vincenzo Ricci & Francesco Paolo Bianchi & Ludovica Rizzo & Eleonora Farì & Lucrezia Tognolo & Valerio Bonavolontà & Pietro Fiore , 2022. "Could the Improvement of Supraspinatus Muscle Activity Speed up Shoulder Pain Rehabilitation Outcomes in Wheelchair Basketball Players?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-11, December.
    2. Giacomo Farì & Pietro Fiore & Vincenzo Ricci & Alessandra Zonno & Marko Joksimovic & Domenico Petruzzella & Giulia Gioia & Denise Giarrizzo & Savino Mastrorillo & Brunella Coretti & Francesco Paolo Bi, 2023. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Outdoor Physical Activities for People with Disabilities, including the Risks for Psychophysical Well-Being," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-11, January.

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