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HIV-Related Stress Experienced by Newly Diagnosed People Living with HIV in China: A 1-Year Longitudinal Study

Author

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  • Yunxiang Huang

    (Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China)

  • Dan Luo

    (Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China)

  • Xi Chen

    (Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Changsha 410078, China)

  • Dexing Zhang

    (The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 810016, Hong Kong, China)

  • Zhulin Huang

    (Changsha Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Changsha 410078, China)

  • Shuiyuan Xiao

    (Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China)

Abstract

This study explored the HIV-related stressors that people living with HIV (PLWH) commonly experience and express as stressful at the time of diagnosis and 1 year later. The factors associated with stress levels and whether social support would moderate the negative effects of stress on psychological health (depressive and anxiety symptoms) were also investigated. Newly diagnosed PLWH were consecutively recruited in this study. Participants rated their stress with the HIV/AIDS Stress Scale at baseline and 1 year later. Social support, depression, and anxiety were also self-reported at both time points. There were significant decreases in stress levels 1 year after diagnosis. Stressors regarding confidentiality, disclosure, emotional distress, fear of infecting others, and excessive attention to physical functions were the most problematic at baseline and 1-year follow-up. A younger age, married status, not living alone, less income, presence of HIV symptoms, and lack of social support were associated with higher levels of stress. No stress-buffering effect of social support on depressive and anxiety symptoms was found in this study. Interventions to reduce stress among PLWH should take into consideration the following priority stressors: confidentiality, discrimination/stigma, serostatus disclosure, distressing emotions, fear of infecting others, and excessive attention to physical functions. More attention should be paid to PLWH with younger age, not living alone, less income, presence of HIV symptoms, and lack of social support.

Suggested Citation

  • Yunxiang Huang & Dan Luo & Xi Chen & Dexing Zhang & Zhulin Huang & Shuiyuan Xiao, 2020. "HIV-Related Stress Experienced by Newly Diagnosed People Living with HIV in China: A 1-Year Longitudinal Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-15, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:8:p:2681-:d:345169
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Burgoyne, Robert & Renwick, Rebecca, 2004. "Social support and quality of life over time among adults living with HIV in the HAART era," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 58(7), pages 1353-1366, April.
    2. Jiang-Peng Chen & Ming-Ming Han & Zi-Jun Liao & Zhen-Zhen Dai & Liang Liu & Hua Chen & Xiao-Yan Wen & Shan Hu & Ping Que & Wen Wen & Bin Peng, 2015. "HIV-Related Behaviors, Social Support and Health-Related Quality of Life among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Women (MSMW): A Cross-Sectional Study in Chongqing, China," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(2), pages 1-12, February.
    3. Pakenham, Kenneth I. & Dadds, Mark R. & Terry, Deborah J., 1996. "Adaptive demands along the HIV disease continuum," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 245-256, January.
    4. Marcin Rzeszutek, 2018. "A longitudinal analysis of posttraumatic growth and affective well-being among people living with HIV: The moderating role of received and provided social support," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(8), pages 1-17, August.
    5. Latrice C. Pichon & Kristen R. Rossi & Siri A. Ogg & Lisa J. Krull & Dorcas Young Griffin, 2015. "Social Support, Stigma and Disclosure: Examining the Relationship with HIV Medication Adherence among Ryan White Program Clients in the Mid-South USA," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-12, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Typhanye V. Dyer & Rodman E. Turpin & David J. Hawthorne & Vardhmaan Jain & Sonica Sayam & Mona Mittal, 2022. "Sexual Risk Behavior and Lifetime HIV Testing: The Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(7), pages 1-14, April.
    2. Rui Luo & Vincent M.B. Silenzio & Yunxiang Huang & Xi Chen & Dan Luo, 2020. "The Disparities in Mental Health Between Gay and Bisexual Men Following Positive HIV Diagnosis in China: A One-Year Follow-Up Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-14, May.
    3. Haiqi Ma & Mengru Bu & Huimin Zhai & Bing Li & Ling Xiong, 2023. "New Insight into HIV-Related Psychological Distress: A Concept Analysis," Clinical Nursing Research, , vol. 32(1), pages 60-72, January.

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