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Remediation of Crude Oil-Polluted Soil by the Bacterial Rhizosphere Community of Suaeda Salsa Revealed by 16S rRNA Genes

Author

Listed:
  • Yilei Yu

    (Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China)

  • Yinghua Zhang

    (Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

  • Nana Zhao

    (Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China)

  • Jia Guo

    (Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China)

  • Weigang Xu

    (Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China)

  • Muyuan Ma

    (Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China)

  • Xiaoxia Li

    (Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
    Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China)

Abstract

Crude oil pollution of soil is a serious environmental issue, and bioremediation using plants and microorganisms is a natural and sustainable method for its restoration. Pot incubation of a two-factor randomized block (plants with two levels, and crude oil with three levels) was designed to investigate the rhizosphere bacterial community of Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. Crude oil contamination of soil was studied at different levels: 2 g/kg (low), 4 g/kg (medium), and 6 g/kg (high) levels. In this study, the physicochemical properties of the collected rhizosphere soil were analyzed. Moreover, the soil bacteria were further identified using the 16S rRNA gene. The effects of S. salsa and crude oil and their interaction on the physiochemical properties of the soil and crude oil degradation were found to be significant. Crude oil significantly influenced the diversity and evenness of bacteria, while the effects of S. salsa and interaction with crude oil were not significant. Proteobacteria were found to be dominant at the phylum level. Meanwhile, at the genera level, Saccharibacteria and Alcanivorax increased significantly in the low and medium contamination treatment groups with S. salsa , whereas Saccharibacteria and Desulfuromonas were prevalent in the high contamination treatment group. High crude oil contamination led to a significant decrease in the bacterial diversity in soil, while the effects of S. salsa and its interaction were not significant. Despite the highest abundance of crude oil degradation bacteria, S. salsa reduced crude oil degradation bacteria and increased bacteria related to sulfur, phosphorus, and nitrogen cycling in the low and high contamination group, whereas the opposite effect was observed for the medium contamination treatment group. The abundance of most crude oil degradation bacteria is negatively correlated with crude oil content. Nitrogen cycling bacteria are sensitive to the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen, and pH of the soil. Sulfur cycling bacteria are sensitive to aromatic hydrocarbons, saturated hydrocarbons, and asphaltene in soil. This research is helpful for further studying the mechanism of synergistic degradation by S. salsa and bacteria.

Suggested Citation

  • Yilei Yu & Yinghua Zhang & Nana Zhao & Jia Guo & Weigang Xu & Muyuan Ma & Xiaoxia Li, 2020. "Remediation of Crude Oil-Polluted Soil by the Bacterial Rhizosphere Community of Suaeda Salsa Revealed by 16S rRNA Genes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-18, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:5:p:1471-:d:324857
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mu Peng & Xiaoxue Zi & Qiuyu Wang, 2015. "Bacterial Community Diversity of Oil-Contaminated Soils Assessed by High Throughput Sequencing of 16S rRNA Genes," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-14, September.
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