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Apoptotic Effect of 1800 MHz Electromagnetic Radiation on NIH/3T3 Cells

Author

Listed:
  • Dan-Yang Li

    (College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

  • Jing-Dong Song

    (State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China)

  • Zhao-Yuan Liang

    (College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

  • Kiana Oskouei

    (College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

  • Xiang-Qian Xiao

    (College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
    Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

  • Wen-Zhe Hou

    (State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China)

  • Jin-Tao Li

    (College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

  • Yi-Shu Yang

    (College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
    Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

  • Ming-Lian Wang

    (College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
    Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Antivirus Drug, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China)

  • Manuel Murbach

    (IT’IS Foundation, Zeughausstrasse 43, 8004 Zurich, Switzerland)

Abstract

To investigate the effect of 1800 MHz electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on apoptosis, we exposed NIH/3T3 cells at 1800 MHz with a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2 W/kg intermittently for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. After exposure, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis; the expression of p53, a molecule with the key role in apoptosis, was measured by real-time qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence; and images of the structure of the mitochondria, directly reflecting apoptosis, were captured by electron microscopy. The results showed that the viability of cells in the 12, 36, and 48 h exposure groups significantly decreased compared with the sham groups; after 48 h of exposure, the percentage of late apoptotic cells in the exposure group was significantly higher. Real-time qPCR results showed that p53 mRNA in the 48 h exposure group was 1.4-fold of that in the sham group; significant differences of p53 protein fluorescence expression were observed between the exposure groups and the sham groups after 24 h and 48 h. The mitochondrial swelling and vesicular morphology were found in the electron microscopy images after 48 h exposure. These findings demonstrated 1800 MHz, SAR 2 W/kg EMR for 48 h may cause apoptosis in NIH/3T3 cells and that this apoptosis might be attributed to mitochondrial damage and upregulation of p53 expression.

Suggested Citation

  • Dan-Yang Li & Jing-Dong Song & Zhao-Yuan Liang & Kiana Oskouei & Xiang-Qian Xiao & Wen-Zhe Hou & Jin-Tao Li & Yi-Shu Yang & Ming-Lian Wang & Manuel Murbach, 2020. "Apoptotic Effect of 1800 MHz Electromagnetic Radiation on NIH/3T3 Cells," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-11, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:3:p:819-:d:313894
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jun-Ping Zhang & Ke-Ying Zhang & Ling Guo & Qi-Liang Chen & Peng Gao & Tian Wang & Jing Li & Guo-Zhen Guo & Gui-Rong Ding, 2017. "Effects of 1.8 GHz Radiofrequency Fields on the Emotional Behavior and Spatial Memory of Adolescent Mice," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Yan-Yun Lin & Tao Wu & Jun-Ye Liu & Peng Gao & Kang-Chu Li & Qi-Yan Guo & Meng Yuan & Hai-Yang Lang & Li-Hua Zeng & Guo-Zhen Guo, 2017. "1950MHz Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Inhibits Testosterone Secretion of Mouse Leydig Cells," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-10, December.
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