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Travel-Related Typhoid Fever: Narrative Review of the Scientific Literature

Author

Listed:
  • Narcisa Muresu

    (Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy)

  • Giovanni Sotgiu

    (Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy)

  • Bianca Maria Are

    (Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Unit, AOU Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy)

  • Andrea Cossu

    (Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy)

  • Clementina Cocuzza

    (Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy)

  • Marianna Martinelli

    (Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy)

  • Sergio Babudieri

    (Infectious Diseases Department, AOU Sassari, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy)

  • Riccardo Are

    (Infectious Diseases Department, AOU Sassari, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy)

  • Marco Dettori

    (Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy)

  • Antonio Azara

    (Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy)

  • Laura Saderi

    (Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy)

  • Andrea Piana

    (Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy)

Abstract

Enteric fever is a foodborne infectious disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C. The high incidence in low income countries can increase the risk of disease in travelers coming from high income countries. Pre-travel health advice on hygiene and sanitation practices and vaccines can significantly reduce the risk of acquiring infections. Although the majority of the cases are self-limiting, life-threatening complications can occur. Delayed diagnosis and cases of infections caused by multi-drug resistant strains can complicate the clinical management and affect the prognosis. More international efforts are needed to reduce the burden of disease in low income countries, indirectly reducing the risk of travelers in endemic settings. Surveillance activities can help monitor the epidemiology of cases caused by drug-susceptible and resistant strains.

Suggested Citation

  • Narcisa Muresu & Giovanni Sotgiu & Bianca Maria Are & Andrea Cossu & Clementina Cocuzza & Marianna Martinelli & Sergio Babudieri & Riccardo Are & Marco Dettori & Antonio Azara & Laura Saderi & Andrea , 2020. "Travel-Related Typhoid Fever: Narrative Review of the Scientific Literature," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-12, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:2:p:615-:d:310229
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Takashi Matono & Satoshi Kutsuna & Yasuyuki Kato & Yuichi Katanami & Kei Yamamoto & Nozomi Takeshita & Kayoko Hayakawa & Shuzo Kanagawa & Mitsuo Kaku & Norio Ohmagari, 2017. "Role of classic signs as diagnostic predictors for enteric fever among returned travellers: Relative bradycardia and eosinopenia," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(6), pages 1-12, June.
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