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How Does Walkability Change Behavior? A Comparison between Different Age Groups in the Netherlands

Author

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  • Bojing Liao

    (Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands)

  • Pauline E. W. van den Berg

    (Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands)

  • Pieter J. V. van Wesemael

    (Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands)

  • Theo A. Arentze

    (Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands)

Abstract

Empirical research provides evidence that, in neighborhoods with higher walkability, individuals make more walking trips. However, it is not clear what the exact nature is of the relationships between neighborhood walkability and walking trips, since a higher walking frequency can be explained in different ways. This study examined whether the extra walking trips in better walkable neighborhoods are related primarily to trip generation, destination choice, or transport mode choice and whether this is the same for different age groups. A neighborhood fixed effects regression analysis was conducted in a first step to obtain a walkability measure for each neighborhood in the Netherlands including systematic as well as unobserved effects. Subsequently, the estimated fixed effects were used as walkability data for a path analysis based on a causal model to test the hypotheses stated. The results of the path analysis show direct relationships of neighborhood walkability with trip generation, destination choice, and transport mode choice, after controlling for the mutual relationships between the activity and trip variables. Comparing different age groups (i.e., children, adults, and elderly), the differences found mostly concerned the relationship between neighborhood walkability and trip generation. We concluded therefore that conditions for walkability are not the same for all age groups.

Suggested Citation

  • Bojing Liao & Pauline E. W. van den Berg & Pieter J. V. van Wesemael & Theo A. Arentze, 2020. "How Does Walkability Change Behavior? A Comparison between Different Age Groups in the Netherlands," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-14, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:2:p:540-:d:308801
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    3. Kerstin Kopal & Dirk Wittowsky, 2023. "The Healthy and Sustainable City—Influences of the Built Environment on Active Travel," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-16, October.
    4. Bartzokas-Tsiompras, Alexandros & Bakogiannis, Efthimios & Nikitas, Alexandros, 2023. "Global microscale walkability ratings and rankings: A novel composite indicator for 59 European city centres," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    5. Rodrigue, Lancelot & El-Geneidy, Ahmed & Manaugh, Kevin, 2024. "Sociodemographic matters: Analyzing interactions of individuals' characteristics with walkability when modelling walking behavior," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    6. Choobchian, Pooria & Mohammadi, Ali & Zou, Bo & Hair, Joseph F. & Valinejad, Mahsa & Shin, Jaeyong & Sriraj, P.S., 2024. "Calibrating walkability indicators for commute walk trips: A structural equation modeling approach," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).

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